Comparison of two- and three-dimensional Navier-Stokes solutions with NASA experimental data for CAST-10 airfoil

The two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are solved for flow over a NAE CAST-10 airfoil model. Recently developed finite-volume codes that apply a multistage time stepping scheme in conjunction with steady state acceleration techniques are used to solve the equations. Two-dimensional results are shown for flow conditions uncorrected and corrected for wind tunnel wall interference effects. Predicted surface pressures from 3-D simulations are compared with those from 2-D calculations. The focus of the 3-D computations is the influence of the sidewall boundary layers. Topological features of the 3-D flow fields are indicated. Lift and drag results are compared with experimental measurements

Goals for development : history, prospects and costs

The Millennium Development Goals set quantitative targets for poverty reduction and improvements in health, education, gender equality, the environment, and other aspects of human welfare. At existing rates of progress many countries will fall short of these goals. However, if developing countries take steps to improve their policies and increased financial resources are made available, significant additional progress toward the goals is possible. The suthors provide a preliminary estimate of the additional financial resources which would be required if countries would work vigorously toward meeting the Millennium Development Goals. Two estimates of the resource gap are developed, one by estimating the additional resources necessary to increase economic growth so as to reduce income poverty, the other by estimating the cost of meeting specific goals in health, education, and the environment. Both estimates yield a figure in the range of $40-$70 billion in additional assistance per year, which is in line with estimates from other international development agencies and which would roughly represent a doubling of official aid flows over 2000 levels. While the authors believe this is a reasonable first approximation of the costs associated with achieving the Millennium Development Goals, it should be interpreted with caution for several reasons, including the lack of empirical data in many countries to estimate the relationship between expenditures on health or education and related outcomes, or the relationship between investment and growth, the sensitivity of the results to changes in the policy environment (both at the macroeconomic and sector level, and with respect to international trade), and opportunities for increased-and more efficient-domestic resource mobilization.Early Child and Children's Health,Public Health Promotion,Decentralization,Health Economics&Finance,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Poverty Assessment,Health Economics&Finance,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Early Child and Children's Health,Earth Sciences&GIS

Let the Child Make Decisions...

What do we want for our children? We might start with these four things: a purposeful life; ability to think, power to take responsibility, a capacity for joy and happiness and of giving happiness to others. We might add other powers, but let us stop and consider what it means to develop initiative and responsibility

If Mother Always Does It...

In the present crisis we see adults who are unable to face difficult situations. There are others, who, amid bank failures, no market for produce with the stock market on the downward slide, have been able to adjust their mode of living and working until life goes on for them quite smoothly and happily. to withstand disappointments of various kinds and not become disgruntled is indeed an ability to be cherished. Can we help children to learn to face everyday difficulties

Design and prototype fabrication of a 30 tesla cryogenic magnet

A liquid neon cooled magnet was designed to produce 30 teslas in steady operation. To ensure the correctness of the heat transfer relationships used, supercritical neon heat transfer tests were made. Other tests made before the final design included tests on the effect of the magnetic field on pump motors, tensile shear tests on the cryogenic adhesives, and simulated flow studies for the coolant. The magnet will consist of two pairs of coils, cooled by forced convection of supercritical neon. Heat from the supercritical neon will be rejected through heat exchangers which are made of roll bonded copper panels and are submerged in a pool of saturated liquid neon. A partial mock up coil was wound to identify the tooling required to wind the magnet. This was followed by winding a prototype pair of coils. The prototype winding established procedures for fabricating the final magnet and revealed slight changes needed in the final design

Towards an Understanding of the New Charm and Charm-Strange Mesons

The observation of the D_{sJ}^*(2317), D_{sJ}(2460), and SELEX D^*_{sJ}(2632) states with properties differing considerably from what was expected has led to a renewed interest in hadron spectroscopy. In addition to these states, non-strange partners of the D_{sJ} states have also been observed. Understanding the D_0^* and D_1' states can provide important insights into the D_{sJ} states. In this contribution I examine quark model predictions for the D_0^* and D_1' states and discuss experimental measurements that can shed light on them. I find that these states are well described as the broad, j=1/2 non-strange charmed P-wave mesons. In the latter part of this writeup I discuss the c bar{s} possibilities for the SELEX D^*_{sJ}(2632) and measurements that can shed light on it.Comment: Talk presented at the 1st Meeting of the APS Topical Group on Hadronic Physics (Fermilab, Oct 24-26, 2004). 4 pages uses jpcon

Multigrid for hypersonic viscous two- and three-dimensional flows

The use of a multigrid method with central differencing to solve the Navier-Stokes equations for hypersonic flows is considered. The time dependent form of the equations is integrated with an explicit Runge-Kutta scheme accelerated by local time stepping and implicit residual smoothing. Variable coefficients are developed for the implicit process that removes the diffusion limit on the time step, producing significant improvement in convergence. A numerical dissipation formulation that provides good shock capturing capability for hypersonic flows is presented. This formulation is shown to be a crucial aspect of the multigrid method. Solutions are given for two-dimensional viscous flow over a NACA 0012 airfoil and three-dimensional flow over a blunt biconic

Friction factors for smooth pipe flow

Friction factor data from two recent pipe flow experiments are combined to provide a comprehensive picture of the friction factor variation for Reynolds numbers from 10 to 36,000,000

Social Impact Bonds in Nonprofit Health Care: New Product or New Package?

This note considers a relatively new form of financing for social services, the Social Impact Bond. Proponents of Social Impact Bonds argue that they present a solution to several problems in funding social services, including performance measurement and the distribution of risk. Using a simple model, we demonstrate that Social Impact Bonds have many features present in standard financing arrangements. They will lead to greater program success when investors\u27 effort can positively influence outcomes, but are unlikely to do so otherwise. We conclude that the value of this funding innovation will be strongly context-dependent