Fundamental Aspects Of Regenerative Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles And Their Applications In Nanobiotechnology

Cerium oxide has been used extensively for various applications over the past two decades. The use of cerium oxide nanoparticles is beneficial in present applications and can open avenues for future applications. The present study utilizes the microemulsion technique to synthesize uniformly distributed cerium oxide nanoparticles. The same technique was also used to synthesize cerium oxide nanoparticles doped with trivalent elements (La and Nd). The fundamental study of cerium oxide nanoparticles identified variations in properties as a function of particle size and also due to doping with trivalent elements (La and Nd). It was found that the lattice parameter of cerium oxide nanoparticles increases with decrease in particle size. Also Raman allowed mode shift to lower energies and the peak at 464 cm-1 becomes broader and asymmetric. The size dependent changes in cerium oxide were correlated to increase in oxygen vacancy concentration in the cerium oxide lattice. The doping of cerium oxide nanoparticles with trivalent elements introduces more oxygen vacancies and expands the cerium oxide lattice further (in addition to the lattice expansion due to the size effect). The lattice expansion is greater for La-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles compared to Nd-doping due to the larger ionic radius of La compared to Nd, the lattice expansion is directly proportional to the dopant concentration. The synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles were used to develop an electrochemical biosensor of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The sensor was useful to detect H2O2 concentrations as low as 1µM in water. Also the preliminary testing of the sensor on tomato stem and leaf extracts indicated that the sensor can be used in practical applications such as plant physiological studies etc. The nanomolar concentrations of cerium oxide nanoparticles were also found to be useful in decreasing ROS (reactive oxygen species) mediated cellular damages in various in vitro cell cultures. Cerium oxide nanoparticles reduced the cellular damages to the normal breast epithelial cell line (CRL 8798) induced by X-rays and to the Keratinocyte cell line induced by UV irradiation. Cerium oxide nanoparticles were also found to be neuroprotective to adult rat spinal cord and retinal neurons. We propose that cerium oxide nanoparticles act as free radical scavenger (via redox reactions on its surface) to decrease the ROS induced cellular damages. Additionally, UV-visible spectroscopic studies indicated that cerium oxide nanoparticles possess auto-regenerative property by switching its oxidation state between Ce3+ and Ce4+. The auto-regenerative antioxidant property of these nanoparticles appears to be a key component in all the biological applications discussed in the present study

Functionalized Nanoceria Composition for Ophthalmic Treatment DIV

The invention provides a composition comprising a plurality of nanoceria particles, a sufficient amount of at least one inhibitor of human carbonic anhydrase II associated with said plurality of nanoceria particles, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier containing said plurality of nanoceria particles with associated inhibitor. One preferred inhibitor of human carbonic anhydrase II comprises 4-carboxybenzene sulfonamide. The disclosed composition is useful in treatment of glaucoma

Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Regenerative Free Radical Sensor (US)

An electrochemical sensor system 160 for sensing free radicals or materials which generate free radicals in solution includes electrode member 100 including a cerium oxide nanoparticle coated sensor electrode (working electrode) 108/105, counter electrode 120, and optional reference electrode 130. A solution or material having an associated solution to be analyzed provides electrolytes to electrically couple the working electrode to the counter electrode. Electronics 170 are connected to at least one of the working and counter electrodes for measuring and amplifying an electrical current signal generated by reduction or oxidation occurring at the working electrode, wherein in a presence of free radicals an electrical current signal flows between the working electrode and the counter electrode. The system can be used to sense the presence of hydrogen peroxide

Functionalized Nanoceria Composition for Ophthalmic Treatment [CIP]

The invention provides a composition comprising a plurality of nanoceria particles, a sufficient amount of at least one inhibitor of human carbonic anhydrase II associated with said plurality of nanoceria particles, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier containing said plurality of nanoceria particles with associated inhibitor. One preferred inhibitor of human carbonic anhydrase II comprises 4-carboxybenzene sulfonamide. The disclosed composition is useful in treatment of glaucoma

Functionalized Nanoceria Composition for Ophthalmic Treatment DIV 2

The invention provides a composition comprising a plurality of nanoceria particles, a sufficient amount of at least one inhibitor of human carbonic anhydrase II associated with said plurality of nanoceria particles, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier containing said plurality of nanoceria particles with associated inhibitor. One preferred inhibitor of human carbonic anhydrase II comprises 4-carboxybenzene sulfonamide. The disclosed composition is useful in treatment of glaucoma

Size dependency variation in lattice parameter and valency states in nanocrystalline cerium oxide

A correlation between the particle size and the lattice parameter has been established in nanocerium oxide particles (3-30 nm). The variation in the lattice parameter is attributed to the lattice strain induced by the introduction of Ce3+ due to the formation of oxygen vacancies. Lattice strain was observed to decrease with an increase in the particle size. Ce3+ ions concentration increased from 17% to 44% with the reduction in the particle size

Surfactant Incorporated Nanostructures for Pressure Drop Reduction in Oil and Gas Lines

Nano-sized rare earth metal oxide particles are prepared from aqueous reverse micelles. The engineered nanoparticles have large surface area to volume ratios, and uniformly incorporate a surfactant in each particle, so that when applied to the inner surface of a pipeline or sprayed onto a fluid stream in a pipeline, the particles reduce the roughness of the inside surface of pipe being used to transport fluid. The application of a nanolayer of this novel nanoceria mixture causes a significant reduction in pressure drops, friction, and better recovery and yield of fluid flowing through a pipeline

Surfactant Incorporated Nanostructure for Pressure Drop Reduction in Oil and Gas Lines [DIV]

Nano-sized rare earth metal oxide particles are prepared from aqueous reverse micelles. The engineered nanoparticles have large surface area to volume ratios, and uniformly incorporate a surfactant in each particle, so that when applied to the inner surface of a pipeline or sprayed onto a fluid stream in a pipeline, the particles reduce the roughness of the inside surface of pipe being used to transport fluid. The application of a nanolayer of this novel nanoceria mixture causes a significant reduction in pressure drops, friction, and better recovery and yield of fluid flowing through a pipeline

A modified method for evaluating analgesic activity of drugs using Rana tigrina frog

Background: Different species of frogs had been used by many researchers for evaluation of analgesic drugs e.g., Rana pipiens and African claw frog. In our study, we used Rana tigrina, which was never used for evaluation of analgesic activity of drugs. So by doing this project, we judged usefulness of R. tigrina to evaluate analgesic drugs.Methods: Animals used were R. tigrina of either sex weighing 100-150 g. Glass flask with porous platform was used for observation of frog. All groups were treated with 4% NaCl solution S.C. on abdomen). Characteristic parameter i.e., number of eye blinkings (this parameter was observed during the pilot study after 4% NaCl S.C. injection on lower third of frogs abdominal wall) were observed before and after drug administration. Each observation was for 5 mins. Centrally and periphrally acting drugs effect was tested on the number of blinks and buccal oscillations.Results: Centrally acting drug inhibit rise in number of eye blinkings and buccal oscillation significantly. Piroxicam diclofenac sodium and ketoprofen decreased rise in number of blinks; but, it was not significant as compared with control.Conclusion: This animal may be used alternative to existing methods of evaluating analgesics in Indian setup

Nanoparticles For Soot Reduction [Div]

Novel nano-sized rare earth metal oxide prepared from aqueous reverse micelles is provided. The engineered nanoparticles have large surface area to volume ratios, and sufficient oxygen vacancies on the surface of each particle, so that when mixed with carbon-containing combustible fuels, the particles remain suspended indefinitely; there is a significant reduction in soot and other by-products of combustion, an increase in engine efficiency and less fuel consumed per mile traveled in various vehicles, such as, but not limited to, automobiles, defense vehicles, airplanes, ships and other surface or air-bearing vehicles