Increasing blue light from LED\u27s reduces growth of lettuce

Increasing blue light from LEDs reduces leaf length in kale Boston Swan and Bruce Bugbee Crop Physiology Laboratory Utah State University Despite years of research, the effect of light quantity (intensity) and quality (color) on plants remains poorly understood. Light emitting diodes (LEDs) now facilitate this research because of their narrow band wavelength. Blue light (400-500 nm) has been known to reduce leaf expansion and petiole elongation in some crops (Cope and Bugbee, 2013; Cope et al, 2014; Snowden et al, 2016). Kale is one of seven vegetables in the species Brassica oleracea and was chosen as a representative for the species because of its nutrient value. The system included 16 chambers; eight chambers at low Photosynthetic photon flux density, (PPFD; 200 µmol m-2 s-1) and eight at high PPFD (500 µmol m-2 s-1). The spectral distributions for each chamber are included below. Whole plant fresh and dry mass decreased slightly with increasing blue light, but the effect was not statistically significant. We also found that leaf length decreased significantly with increasing blue light. Our data indicate that studies should focus on selecting wavelengths of light that enhance cell enlargement and the development of leaf area and radiation capture. References: Cope, Kevin R., and Bruce Bugbee.(2013) Spectral Effects of Three Types of White Light-emitting Diodes on Plant Growth and Development: Absolute versus Relative Amounts of Blue Light. HortScience 48.4: 504-09. Cope, Kevin R., M. Chase Snowden, and Bruce Bugbee. (2014) Photobiological Interactions of Blue Light and Photosynthetic Photon Flux: Effects of Monochromatic and Broad-Spectrum Light Sources. Photochemistry and Photobiology 90 : 574-84. M. Chase Snowden, Kevin R. Cope, and Bruce Bugbee. (2016) Sensitivity of seven diverse species to blue and green light: interactions with photon flux. In press for the journal PLOS ON

Winter Wheat Yield and Comments -- 2001

No-till, date-of-planting studies supported by the South Dakota Wheat Commission were conducted for four years at two locations in western South Dakota. Seven popular varieties were tested at each planting date. It was determined that planting date makes a greater difference in grain yield than does variety. The first two planting dates of September 15 and October 1 always had the highest yields. The latest planting date of November 1 always had the lowest average yield. The planting date of winter wheat in the fall has a significant effect on the spring growth and the yield of the crop the next season. The later-planted wheat has less fall growth, or in the case of the November planting, no growth. The lack of fall growth results in slower development of the crop in early spring and delays the grain-fill period until the hotter portion of the summer. The first two planting dates had more average fall growth and were able to start development earlier in the spring and make use of the moisture and cool growing conditions early in the summer

Selection for Fall or Spring Lambing: Progress Report

Prior work at SDSU (see previous report SHEEP 95-1) has shown the success of fall lambing performance from mature crossbred ewes. In most cases, ewes in the previous studies were spring-born ewes that had been shifted to the fall system. Thus, direct selection of progeny for fall lambing potential was not possible. More rapid progress should be made if replacements are selected from fall lambing ewes. This study was initiated to evaluate the effectiveness of selection for fall lambing under farm and range flock management systems

A comparison of fall lambing vs. spring lambing performance of purebred and crossbred ewes

Seasonality of lamb production continues to be a major problem for the sheep industry. The recent marked drop in live lamb price resulted from a shift of west coast lambs going to market as new crop spring lambs started through the market channels. Spreading the production and marketing curve should smooth out wide price fluctuations and stabilize the economics of the entire lamb meat industry. Fall lambing in combination with spring lambing would provide a more continuous lamb supply for market, slaughter, and consumption, thus stabilizing prices and ensuring a better supply of new crop fresh American lamb at the retail counter. This study was initiated to evaluate the productivity of ewes lambing in the fall versus ewes lambing in the spring on a once per year lambing interval

Accelerated lambing performance of mature Hampshire cross ewes

Increasing the frequency of lambing to less than a 12-month interval offers the potential of increased total productivity on an annual basis. In addition, it spreads the marketing opportunities and provides a wider distribution of labor and facility usage. A major industry benefit is it would supply a more constant source of new crop lamb to the market place. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of decreased lambing intervals

Lifetime productivity of Targhee vs. Finn-Dorset-Targhee ewes managed as farm vs. range flock

Number of lambs born and marketed per ewe per year is a major factor in ewe flock productivity. Previous research has shown that this number can be increased by using high prolific sheep such as the Finnsheep. Therefore, the Finnsheep were chosen because of their prolificacy. The Dorset breed was chosen because of its milking ability, whereas the Targhee ewes were chosen because of their wool quality and hardiness. Because information is lacking in the performance of high prolific ewes in various management systems typical to South Dakota, this study was conducted to evaluate the lifetime performance of Targhee and 1/4 Finn-1/4 Dorset-1/2 Targhee ewes managed as a farm or range flock

Effect of breed of ewe and management system on lamb and wool production (progress report)

The number of lambs marketed per ewe per year has been shown in a number of studies to be the most important single factor in determining total productivity of the ewe flock. Crossbred ewes are reported to have higher reproductive performance and superior maternal characteristics. Combining ewe breeds that have specific desirable strengths should result in a more productive crossbred ewe. Three breeds were chosen for their respective breed strengths: the Dorset for its long breeding season and· milking ability, the Finn for its prolificacy, and the Targhee for its hardiness and wool quality. The combination used in this study resulted in ewes that are 1 /4 Finn-1 /4 Dorset x 1 /2 Targhee (FDT). This combination results in a white-faced ewe of moderate frame size with a medium quality fleece. This study was designed to evaluate lifetime productivity of the FDT ewe compared to the straightbred Targhee ewe under range and farm flock conditions found in South Dakota

Grain Sorghum Variety Trial Archive

This report features the available sorghum data from 2003-2017. Crop performance testing results are released annually through the activities of SDSU Extension and the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station at SDSU

Paired-ion extraction and high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of diminazene in cattle plasma: a modified method

The high-performance liquid chromatographic method published by Aliu & Odegaard (1983) was found to give poor peak separation when used to determine plasma diminazene concentrations in cattle. Before bioequivalence studies could be carried out, the method had to be modified. Solid-phase extraction with acetonitrile/0,025 M Na-octane sulphonate and 2% acetic acid as eluent, followed by sample concentration, gave recoveries of > 90% for diminazene and the internal standard. A mobile phase of acetonitrile/0,005 M Na-octane sulphonate, 0,1% triethylamine, pH 3,2 with acetic acid on a Nova Pak C 18 column was used for the analysis. Wavelength switching was used to determine the internal standard (imidocarb) and diminazene at their respective wavelengths of maximum absorbance, resulting in a fivefold increase in the limit of detection for diminazene. The modified method attained a detection limit of 2 ng/ml (peak 4x baseline noise) , limit of quantitation of 10 ng/ml (coefficient of variation 96% over the range from 10-5000 ng/ml.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.Milborrow Animal Health. University of Pretoria.mn201

Field Pea Variety Trial Archive

This report features the available pea data from 2003-2017. Crop performance testing results are released annually through the activities of SDSU Extension and the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station at SDSU