Study of validity of risk of malignancy index in perimenopausal women with ovarian mass in a tertiary care hospital in India

Background: Ovarian carcinoma is a silent killer because it presents in advanced stage. In India, it ranks third after carcinoma cervix and breast. Incidence of ovarian cancer is 5.4-8.0 per 100,000 in India. Various versions of risk of malignancy index have been studied to show its validity in different settings. We have studied third version of risk of malignancy index in a resource poor setting in India.Methods: In this prospective observational study 74 perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with ovarian mass were recruited. Menopausal score (M), Ultrasonography score (U) and CA-125 are components of Risk of Malignancy Index 3. Patients underwent preoperative ultrasonography and CA-125 level was assessed. Scores of M 1-3, U 1-3 and absolute value of CA-125 was multiplied. This product was value of Risk of Malignancy Index 3. If it is less than 250 it suggests absence of malignancy and more than 250 strongly suggests malignancy. Results were confirmed by histopathology.Results: Fifty six percent women were cancer positive. Ovarian malignancy was more common in postmenopausal age group. Ultrasonography and CA-125 had high sensitivity of 90% but poor specificity. Risk of malignancy index 3 had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 90%, 91%, 78% and 96% respectively at a cut off value of 250.Conclusions: Risk of malignancy index was concluded to be a multimodal approach with better diagnostic scoring index in preoperative stage in women of ovarian masses. It is simple and easily applicable clinical tool in resource poor setting

Men’s oppressive beliefs predict their breast size preferences in women

Previous studies of men’s breast size preferences have yielded equivocal findings, with studies variously indicating a preference for small, medium, or large breasts. Here, we examined the impact of men’s oppressive beliefs in shaping their female breast size ideals. British White men from the community in London, England (N = 361) viewed figures of women that rotated in 360° and varied in breast size along five levels. They then rated the figure that they found most physically attractive and also completed measures assessing their sexist attitudes and tendency to objectify women. Results showed that medium breasts were rated most frequent as attractive (32.7 %), followed by large (24.4 %) and very large (19.1 %) breasts. Further analyses showed that men’s preferences for larger female breasts were significantly associated with a greater tendency to be benevolently sexist, to objectify women, and to be hostile towards women. These results were discussed in relation to feminist theories, which postulate that beauty ideals and practices in contemporary societies serve to maintain the domination of one sex over the other

Resource security impacts men’s female breast size preferences

It has been suggested human female breast size may act as signal of fat reserves, which in turn indicates access to resources. Based on this perspective, two studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that men experiencing relative resource insecurity should perceive larger breast size as more physically attractive than men experiencing resource security. In Study 1, 266 men from three sites in Malaysia varying in relative socioeconomic status (high to low) rated a series of animated figures varying in breast size for physical attractiveness. Results showed that men from the low socioeconomic context rated larger breasts as more attractive than did men from the medium socioeconomic context, who in turn perceived larger breasts as attractive than men from a high socioeconomic context. Study 2 compared the breast size judgements of 66 hungry versus 58 satiated men within the same environmental context in Britain. Results showed that hungry men rated larger breasts as significantly more attractive than satiated men. Taken together, these studies provide evidence that resource security impacts upon men’s attractiveness ratings based on women’s breast size

The spin dependence of an weak interaction in the decay of hypernuclei

From an analysis of 468 hypernuclei (HFs) with ranges > 120 μ m, the non-mesic to π--mesic ratio (Q-) for ΛHe and ΛHe5 HFs was found to be 1.37 ± 0.17 and 1.58± 0.20 respectively. This data, together with results on ΛHe4 and heavy hypernuclei, has been used to deduce spin dependences for Λn and ΛP weak interactions in decay of hypernuclei. It is found that the rates for triplet and singlet interactions between Λ and neutron are 22 ΓΛ and 11 ΓΛ and for Λ and proton are 8.2 ΓΛ and 5.5 ΓΛ respectively, where ΓΛ is the decay rate of Λ. The total decay rates for ΛHe4 and ΛHe5 are 1.28 ΓΛ and 0.99 ΓΛ and the non-mesic decay rates are 0.17 ΓΛ and 0.51 ΓΛ respectively

Evaluation of nutrient management for better growth, yield and economics of fenugreek

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of nutrient management combinations in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum). Growth as well as seed and straw yields of fenugreek were significantly influenced by different treatments. Application of recommended dose through inorganic form (50%) + neem cake @ 638 kg ha-1 + Rhizobium melilotii + phosphate solubilising bacteria (PSB) recorded the highest plant height of 34.98 cm, leaves of 82.35 and branches of 5.5 at the final harvest stage. This treatment also recorded significantly highest straw yields. The maximum seed yield, net returns and benefit cost ratio were obtained in the combination of 50% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + poultry manure (PM) @1000 kg ha-1 + Rhizobium melilotii + phosphate solubilising bacteria (PSB). &nbsp

The ratio of non-mesic to &#960;<SUP>-</SUP>-mesic decay of light hyperfragments

A new method of obtaining the charge spectrum of light hyperfragments from their residual range distribution is described. This method has been used to determine the ratio (Q-) of non-mesic to &#960;--mesic decay of light hyperfragments. The values of Q- for hyperfragments of different charges are found to be in good agreement with theoretical calculations of Dalitz

Binding energy and &#960;<SUP>+</SUP> decay of light hyperfragments

Binding energy values of hyperfragments from a sample of 541 uniquely identified mesic decays with mass numbers A=3 to 14 are presented. There does not seem to be any detectable difference in the binding energy value of &#923; in AH4 obtained from its two-body and three-body decay modes. Within statistical error, the binding energy values of &#923; in AH4 and AH4 are also the same. From a sample of 2&#960; + decay events of hyperfragments the branching ratio of AH4 decaying by &#960; + to &#960; - mode is found to be (1&#183;5&#177;1&#183;0)%

The burden of diabetes mellitus during pregnancy in low- and middle-income countries : a systematic review

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