44 research outputs found

    ΠœΠ΅ΠΆΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ коопСрация β€” Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ эффСктивного управлСния ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΄Π°

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    The history and the present state ofΒ the legal deposit, asΒ aΒ main source ofΒ the national library resources are reflected inΒ the article. The reasons negatively influencing the quality ofΒ acquisition are marked byΒ the author. The steps and measures toΒ improve the effectiveness ofΒ legal deposit system are proposed.Π’Β ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ история и соврСмСнноС состояниС ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ экзСмпляра — основного источника комплСктования Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΄Π°. ΠžΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹, Π½Π΅Π³Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ на качСство комплСктования Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ эффСктивности систСмы ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ экзСмпляра

    Copolymer of chitosan with acrylamide: electron beam stimulated synthesis, structure and properties

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    The aim of this research was to obtain the grafted copolymer of chitosan with acrylamide using the electron beam irradiation. Radiation dose was varied from 6 to 160 kGy. The highest yield of the product was observed at radiation dose of 12–40 kGy. Further increase in the dose caused a decrease in the product yield as well as its solubility in water. Using gel permeation chromatography, it was confirmed that unreacted chitosan remained in the product. NMR study of the water-soluble part of the product obtained under the doses of 6, 12, and 20 kGy showed that the length of the side chains of grafted acrylamide was about 2 elementary units. Investigation of chitosan solutions by means of dynamic light scattering revealed the presence of chitosan agglomerates in the solution. The possibility of obtaining dense films was demonstrated. Mechanical treatment of the copolymer in the ball mill caused an increase in the solubility of the samples obtained even at radiation doses of 80 and 160 kGy. It was determined by means of chromatographic methods that there were no products with low molecular weight in the ball-milled product, and unreacted chitosan did not undergo mechanocracking during the mechanical treatment

    Radiation-Thermal Synthesis of Copolymers of Chitosan with Acrylamide as a Means of Betulin Delivering

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    Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-тСрмичСским ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ с использованиСм ускорСнных элСктронов ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Π΅ сополимСры Ρ…ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ·Π°Π½Π° с Π°ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. ΠžΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Ρ… сополимСров ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π˜Πšβ€‘ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ гСль-ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΠΈ. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ ΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ²ΠΊΠΈ зависят ΠΎΡ‚ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ‹ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ облучСния ΠΈ с ростом Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ‹ проходят Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· максимум. НайдСны условия получСния сополимСров с высоким Π²Ρ‹Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π°. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ сополимСры ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ для получСния ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ мСханохимичСской ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ выдСлСния Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ раствор ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ растворСнии ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚Π° зависит ΠΎΡ‚ pH раствора, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ позволяСт Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹ Π½Π° основС сополимСров Ρ…ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ·Π°Π½Π° с Π°ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ пСрспСктивныС срСдства для ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ доставки лСкарствСнных вСщСствGraft copolymers of chitosan with acrylamide were obtained by the radiation-thermal method using accelerated electrons. The formation of graft copolymers was confirmed by IR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. It is shown that the efficiency and degree of grafting depend on the dose of ionizing radiation, and pass through a maximum with increasing dose. The conditions for obtaining copolymers with a high yield of the product were found. The resulting copolymers were used to obtain betulin composites using mechanochemical processing. It has been shown that the rate of release of betulin into an aqueous solution during the dissolution of the composite depends on the pH of the solution, which makes it possible to consider mechanocomposites based on copolymers of chitosan with acrylamide as promising means for controlled drug deliver

    The Structure of Carbon Gels Obtained by Carbonization of Organic Xerogels Based on Larch Bark Tannins and Pine Cellulose

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    Π’ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π³Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π±ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ органичСских Π³Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, синтСзированных золь-гСль кондСнсациСй Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄Π° с Ρ‚Π°Π½Π½ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ листвСнницы ΠΈ Ρ†Π΅Π»Π»ΡŽΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΉ сосны. По Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π‘Π­Π’, Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ†Π΅Π»Π»ΡŽΠ»ΠΎΠ·Ρ‹ Π² состав органичСского Ρ‚Π°Π½Π½ΠΈΠ½-Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ гСля мСняСт Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ характСристики пористой структуры ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π³Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΠΉ объСм ΠΏΠΎΡ€, ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ€, объСм ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ€, объСм ΠΌΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ€, срСдний Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ ΠΏΠΎΡ€. Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ пористой структуры ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π³Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… с использованиСм Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ растворСнной Ρ†Π΅Π»Π»ΡŽΠ»ΠΎΠ·Ρ‹ (10 ΠΈ 20 мас%), происходит Π² Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ формирования ΠΌΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ€ со срСдним Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ 22.83 ΠΈ 21.54 Π½ΠΌ. Π’Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠ° Ρ†Π΅Π»Π»ΡŽΠ»ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ аэрогСля Π² исходный органичСский гСль способствуСт Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ€ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π³Π΅Π»Π΅. НаиболСС Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΡŽ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡΡ‚ΡƒΡŽ структуру ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ гСль, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π±ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ органичСского Ρ‚Π°Π½Π½ΠΈΠ½-Ρ†Π΅Π»Π»ΡŽΠ»ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ гСля, содСрТащСго 20 мас% Ρ†Π΅Π»Π»ΡŽΠ»ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ аэрогСля (ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ 754 ΠΌ2/Π³, ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ… 80 % (606 ΠΌ2/Π³) приходится Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ€). ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ элСктронной микроскопии установлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡŽ повСрхности ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π³Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π±ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ органичСских Ρ‚Π°Π½Π½ΠΈΠ½-Ρ†Π΅Π»Π»ΡŽΠ»ΠΎΠ·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π³Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ†Π΅Π»Π»ΡŽΠ»ΠΎΠ·Ρ‹, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π΅Ρ‘ состояния (раствор Ρ†Π΅Π»Π»ΡŽΠ»ΠΎΠ·Ρ‹ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΎΠΊ Ρ†Π΅Π»Π»ΡŽΠ»ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ аэрогСля) ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ синтСзС исходного органичСского гСляFor the first time, it was proposed to obtain carbon gels by carbonization of organic gels synthesized by sol-gel condensation of formaldehyde with larch bark tannins and pine cellulose. According to the BET method, the introduction of cellulose into the composition of an organic tannin- formaldehyde gel changes such characteristics of the porous structure of the obtained carbon gels as specific surface area, total pore volume, micropore surface area, micro- and mesopore volume, and average pore diameter. The development of the porous structure of carbon gels obtained with the use of dissolved cellulose additives (10 and 20 wt%) occurs as a result of the formation of mesopores with an average diameter of 22.83 and 21.54 nm. The introduction of cellulose aerogel powder into the original organic gel promotes the formation of micropores in the resulting carbon gel. The most developed microporous structure has a carbon gel obtained by carbonization of an organic tannin-cellulose gel containing 20 wt% cellulose aerogel (specific surface 754 m2/g, of which 80 % (606 m2/g) relates to the surface of micropores). Using scanning electron microscopy, it was found that the surface morphology of carbon gels obtained by carbonization of organic tannin-cellulose gels may be controlled by varying both the concentration of cellulose and its state (cellulose solution or cellulose aerogel powder) during the synthesis of the initial organic ge

    БИМПВОМ Β«Π‘Π£Π‘Β» Π£ ΠŸΠΠ¦Π˜Π•ΠΠ’ΠšΠ˜ Π‘ Π’ΠΠ—ΠžΠ Π•ΠΠΠ›Π¬ΠΠžΠ™ Π“Π˜ΠŸΠ•Π Π’Π•ΠΠ—Π˜Π•Π™ (ΠšΠ›Π˜ΠΠ˜Π§Π•Π‘ΠšΠ˜Π™ БЛУЧАЙ)

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    HighlightsFibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is an idiopathic, non-atherosclerotic muscular layer artery lesion predominantly affecting the carotid and renal arteries. This pathology is quite rare in the general population and is most often diagnosed in women. In this article, on the example of a clinical case, up-to-date information is presented regarding the features of the clinical picture, diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms in patients with FMD, which may be useful for physicians of different specialties.Β AbstractArterial hypertension in young people is most common cause of another disease. The task of the physician who encounters such a patient is to make up a specific planΒ for further action.Despite the low fibromuscular dysplasia incidence in the population, this disease is relevant for differential diagnosis in young patients with arterial hypertension. The presented clinical case clearly shows that a timely diagnosis and timely treatment can help to prevent the development of complications and improve the patient's quality of life.ΠžΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ полоТСнияЀиброзно-ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½Π°Ρ дисплазия – идиопатичСскоС нСатСросклСротичСскоС Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π° Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ стСнки, ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π΅ прСимущСствСнно сонныС ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ. Данная патология Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΉ популяции встрСчаСтся Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ‡Π°Ρ‰Π΅ диагностируСтся Ρƒ ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½. Π’ прСдставлСнном клиничСском случаС описаны особСнности клиничСской ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹, диагностичСского ΠΈ Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠΎΠ² Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с Π€ΠœΠ”, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡ‚ΡŒ интСрСс для Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‡Π΅ΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ.Β Π Π΅Π·ΡŽΠΌΠ΅ΠΡ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ гипСртСнзия Ρƒ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹Ρ… людСй Ρ‡Π°Ρ‰Π΅ всСго носит Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€. Π’ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‡Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ сталкиваСтся с Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π²Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ составлСниС Ρ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° Π΄Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡˆΠΈΡ… дСйствий. НСсмотря Π½Π° Π½Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΡΠΎΠΊΡƒΡŽ частоту встрСчаСмости Ρ„ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎ-ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ дисплазии Π² популяции, Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ диагностики Ρƒ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹Ρ… Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ клиничСский случай наглядно ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ воврСмя поставлСнный Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ· ΠΈ своСврСмСнно Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΅ Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡ‚Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ ослоТнСний ΠΈ ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ качСство ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²

    Extraction of Brown Coals from Kansk-Achinsk and Lena Basins with Toluene and Water Containing Fluids

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    The conversion of different brown coals from the Kansk-Achinsk and Lena Basins in an aqueous medium and in toluene containing mixtures with water and tetralin additives was studied under supercritical conditions over the temperature range of 375-550 Β°C and at pressures from 7 to 40 MPa. It was found that the liquefaction of brown coals in the medium of toluene solvent with small amount of hydrogen-donor tetralin co-solvent effectively occurred at low temperature 400 Β°C. On the other hand, coal methanation, hydrolysis, and oxidation reactions with the predominant generation of methane, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen prevailed in the water containing mediums. In a supercritical toluene at 440 Β°C, the addition of a small amount of water (15 %) stimulated destruction of coals with the predominant production of liquid products and moderate gas yields. The use of calcium oxide, sodium hydroxide and hematite as the catalysts increased the yields of liquid products.Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅ΠΉ Канско-Ачинского ΠΈ ЛСнского бассСйнов Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ срСдС ΠΈ Π² смСси Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡƒΠΎΠ»Π° с Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ свСрхкритичСских ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ… Π² Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π²Π°Π»Π΅ 375-550Β°Π‘ ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚ 7 Π΄ΠΎ 40 MPa. УстановлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² срСдС Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡƒΠΎΠ»Π° с Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ нСбольшого количСства сорастворитСля Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅ΠΉ эффСктивно происходит ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅ 4000 Β°C. Π’ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ срСдС проходят Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ мСтанирования, Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈ окислСния Π±ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅ΠΉ с ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² основном Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² (ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π½Π°, диоксида ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°).Π’ срСдС Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡƒΠΎΠ»Π° Π² свСрхкритичСских условиях ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ 400Β°Π‘ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ нСбольшого количСства Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ (15 %) стимулируСт процСсс дСструкции ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅ΠΉ с ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ прСимущСствСнно ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² качСствС ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² оксида ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΡ†ΠΈΡ, гидроксида натрия ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π° позволяСт ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π²Ρ‹Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ²

    The Effect of Hydromorphism on Soils and Soil Organic Matter during the Primary Succession Processes of Forest Vegetation on Ancient Alluvial Sands of the European North-East of Russia

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    The article considers the role of hydromorphism in the soil formation processes on ancient alluvial sandy deposits at the primary succession period. Soil organic matter was given special attention. The studies were carried out in the European north-east of Russia (the Komi Republic) in the middle taiga subzone in the territory of a building-sand quarry (61°57′35″ N, 50°36′22″ E) and background sites near the quarry. The authors analyzed the morphological structure of soil profiles, and the principal physical-chemical properties of mature and young soils forming under pine forests. Formation of forest litter and humus-accumulative horizons, as well as soil organic matter accumulation were thoroughly studied. Already in the fourth–fifth succession decades, the soils in a series of increasing hydromorphism actively demonstrated regularities that are normally characteristic of background soils, for example, increase in acidity, silt fraction, carbon and nitrogen reserves. Against moisture deficiency, the accumulation rate of organic carbon became slow and amounted to 0.07–0.11 t ha−1 year−1. The excessive soil moisture content increased the rate up to 0.38–0.58 t ha−1 year−1 due to the conservation of plant material in the form of peat. The upper 50-cm profile layer of young soil contains Corg stock 3–5 times less than that of background soils. The major soil-forming processes are litter formation and podzolization in drained conditions, litter formation in conditions of high moisture, and peat formation and gleization against excessive moisture

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    Influence of Mineral Components on Reactionary Ability of Brown Coal at Steam Gasification in the Conditions of a High Pressure

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    The goal of this paper is to gain a fundamental understanding about steam gasification of different brown coal chars under low temperature and high pressure. The coals from different deposits of Kansk-Achinsk Basin, Lena Basin and from Yallourn Basin (for comparison) were used to study the role of the naturally occurring metals on the physico-chemical properties of the chars and steam gasification reactivity. The data on how the preliminary decationization with solution of hydrochloric acid affects the structural characteristics of brown coal chars and their gasification reactivities are presented. The importance of controlling parameters (such as structural characteristics of carbon and naturally occurring metals) in the physico-chemical properties of the chars, in the gasification reactivity and in the textural properties of gasified chars. The concentration of calcium and catalytic activity of calcium species were found to be a key factor for their reactivity for steam gasification and carbon dioxide formation. Quantitative relations were revealed.ЦСлью Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ являлось установлСниС особСнностСй протСкания процСсса Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π±ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ содСрТаниСм ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… вСщСств водяным ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. Π’ качСствС ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² исслСдования слуТили ΡƒΠ³Π»ΠΈ мСстороТдСний Канско-Ачинского ΠΈ ЛСнского бассСйнов ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ мСстороТдСния Β«Π―Π»Π»ΠΎΡƒΡ€Π½Β» Π² Австралии. ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡƒΠ³Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅Ρ€Π³Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π±ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ 700 Β°Π‘. Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ химичСскиС характСристики Π±ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π±ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² (Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ состав ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… вСщСств, структурныС свойства органичСской массы) ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… рСакционная ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. УстановлСна коррСляционная связь ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ показатСлями Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ содСрТаниСм ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΡ†ΠΈΡ Π² ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ диспСрсныС соСдинСния ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΡ†ΠΈΡ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ оксида ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΡ†ΠΈΡ‚Π°, ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΎΡ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… соСдинСний угля, ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ каталитичСскоС дСйствиС Π½Π° процСсс Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ
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