CREATED OF AN INTEGRATED QUALITY SYSTEM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CANNED MEAT FOR CHILD NUTRITION

The development of an integrated safety and quality system at enterprises for the production of baby food includes measures  thataimed at analyzing risks and identifying critical control points throughout the process. The article presents studies on the identification and analysis of hazards and assessing the severity of the consequences of their manifestation. In order to integrate, the international standards ISO 9001 and ISO 22000 were selected, on the basis of which the quality system processes were identified, the resources and requirements for them were determined, as well as the parameters for monitoring these processes, the criteria for evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of the developed system were established. Within the framework of the integrated system, the main and interior processes were identified. The main processes include organization management processes, planning and implementation processes for safe and quality products, and processes for monitoring, analysis and improvement. Support processes include processes for managing the organization’s personnel, its infrastructure and production environment, as well as processes for managing documentation and records of the system

фМРТ-исследование особенностей функциональной активности мозга при произвольном переключении внимания у пациентов с речевыми расстройствами

The aim: to examine characteristics of functional brain activity in task switching in patients with speech disorders after brain damages and to examine of functional cerebral reorganization after course of rehabilitation. Materials and methods. There were 45 participants which were divided into two groups: 25 (55.6%) healthy people and 20 (44.4%) patients with different forms of aphasia and/or dysarthria. MRI and fMRI methods were used. In the fMRI task, the participants had to shift their attention between two objectives (classifying figures according to their form or number). Results. The results of the second session in the group of healthy individuals showed no significant changes in the brain activity as compared to the first session. In patients three patterns of activation were found: a powerful asymmetric activation in the frontal and parietal lobe in one hemisphere as compared to the other one (20% of patients); a very low activation mainly in frontal areas (40% of patients); and a very high and mostly diffuse brain activation (40% of patients). The second fMRI session revealed that patients with positive dynamics of recovery of higher mental functions showed that their brain activations are closer to average levels of those shown by healthy individuals (of the same sex and age). This was mainly expressed in frontal areas. Also it was found that activation in additional brain areas was lower or altogether absent which wasn't observed in healthy individuals. Conclusion. The results of this study support the view about the reliability of repeating the same fMRI task after a period of time, and allow to use this method for assessment of rehabilitation programs in patients with cerebral pathology as well as show the tendency to normalization of functional brain activity in patients with positive dynamics of recovery.Цель исследования: изучение особенностей функциональной активности мозга при переключении внимания между задачами у больных с речевыми нарушениями после локальных поражений мозга и изучение изменений функциональной активности мозга после курса реабилитации. Материал и методы. В исследовании приняли участие 45 человек, которых разделили на 2 группы: 25 (55,6%) здоровых испытуемых и 20 (44,4%) пациентов исследуемой группы с различными формами афазий и/или дизартрий. Всем испытуемым проводили МРТ и фМРТ-исследование. В фМРТ-исследовании испытуемые выполняли задачу, в которой нужно было переключать внимание между двумя задачами (сортировать фигуры по форме или по количеству). Результаты. При повторном исследовании в группе здоровых испытуемых не было обнаружено каких-либо значимых изменений в функциональной активности мозга по сравнению с первым исследованием. В группе пациентов было выявлено 3 паттерна активации при выполнении данной задачи: ярко выраженная асимметричная активация в лобных и теменных областях в одном из полушарий по сравнению с другим (20% пациентов); очень низкая активация головного мозга, преимущественно в лобных отделах (40% пациентов); очень высокая, часто диффузная активация головного мозга (40% пациентов). При повторном фМРТ-обследовании пациентов с положительной динамикой восстановления высших психических функций показатели функциональной активности мозга приближались к средним показателям группы нормы (соответствующего пола и возраста). Это было выражено преимущественно в лобных областях, также отмечалось снижение или исчезновение активации в дополнительных областях головного мозга, не наблюдаемой у здоровых людей. Выводы. Результаты настоящего исследования поддерживают точку зрения о надежности повторного фМРТ-исследования, позволяют использовать данный подход для оценки воздействия реабилитационных программ у пациентов с церебральной патологией, а также показывают, что у пациентов с положительной динамикой восстановления наблюдается тенденция к нормализации функциональной активности мозга

Measuring working memory in aphasia: Comparing performance on complex span and N-back tasks

Introduction Deficits in working memory (WM) are amongst the most widely acknowledged cognitive impairments in aphasia.However, there is still on-going debate what tasks should be used to assess WM in aphasia (Wright & Fergadiotos, 2012). The two main alternatives for this purpose are simplified complex span tasks and N-back tasks. In a typical complex span task, a processing task (e.g., sentence reading), is given along with a set of stimuli (e.g., words) to be remembered for later recall. In N-back tasks, participants are instructed to judge whether an item matches a previous one presented n items before. Proponents of complex span tasks state that these tasks are the gold standard for assessing WM capacity in cognitive psychology and that variations of these tasksare endorsed as valid means of indexing WM capacity within different theoretical frameworks. On the other hand, researchers using N-back tasks state that since these tasks are more language-free in nature, they are more appropriate for indexing cognitive non-linguistic abilities with language-impaired populations. Several investigations comparing the two tasks in healthy controls have demonstrated no relationship between the two tasks (Jaeggi et al., 2010; Kane et al., 2007). Although, limited conflicting findings indicating a significant relationship between the two tasks have also been reported (Schmiedek et al., 2009). Additionally, performance on complex span task in aphasia studies have repeatedly been related to performance on standardized language tests (Sung et al. 2009; Wright & Fergadiotos, 2012), while similar correlations have never found for N-back tasks (Christensen, & Wright, 2010; Mayer & Murray, 2012). The aim of the present study was to directly investigate the relationship between performance on complex span tasks and N-back tasks in aphasia. Methods 32native speakers of Russian with aphasia following left hemisphere stroke participated. Complex span task (modified listening span task, Ivanova & Hallowell, 2014), 2-back and 0-back tasks with words, a test of auditory language comprehension– Quantitative Assessment of Speech in Aphasia (QASA; Tsvetkova et al., 1981) – were administered. Results and discussion No significant correlations were observed between performance on complex span task and N-back tasks.Furthermore, performance on the modified listening span was related to performance on the comprehension subtest of the QASA, while no relationship was found for 2-back and 0-back tasks.Our results mirror studies in healthy controls that demonstrated no relationship between performance on the two tasks(Jaeggi et al., 2010; Kane et al., 2007). Thus although N-back tasks seem similar to traditional complex span measures and may also index abilities related to cognitive processing, the evidence to date does not warrant their direct association with the construct of WM. Implications for future investigation of cognitive deficits in aphasia will be discussed

Created of an integrated quality system for the production of canned meat for child nutrition

The development of an integrated safety and quality system at enterprises for the production of baby food includes measures thataimed at analyzing risks and identifying critical control points throughout the process. The article presents studies on the identification and analysis of hazards and assessing the severity of the consequences of their manifestation. In order to integrate, the international standards ISO 9001 and ISO 22000 were selected, on the basis of which the quality system processes were identified, the resources and requirements for them were determined, as well as the parameters for monitoring these processes, the criteria for evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of the developed system were established. Within the framework of the integrated system, the main and interior processes were identified. The main processes include organization management processes, planning and implementation processes for safe and quality products, and processes for monitoring, analysis and improvement. Support processes include processes for managing the organization’s personnel, its infrastructure and production environment, as well as processes for managing documentation and records of the system

Risk analysis within the production process of fish preserves

One of the primary tasks for today is the production of high quality and safe products according to the legislation of Russian Federation. There are a number of risks within the production process. The common problem is the heat treatment process. This problem is for fish preserves. Such products can classify as perishable. It is necessary to carefully approach the choice of raw materials and compliance with all technological regimes. Since there is always the possibility of various dangers. In order to minimize dangerous factors, it is important to use a quality method with identifying the most important of them for factors matrix for production process of fish preserves proposed to develop a diagram of quality and safety indicators and identify the most important of them for further use to form a matrix of technological factors that have a direct impact on quality and safety indicators in the production of fish preserves

Cell-Molecular Interactions of Nano- and Microparticles in Dental Implantology

The role of metallic nano- and microparticles in the development of inflammation has not yet been investigated. Soft tissue biopsy specimens of the bone bed taken during surgical revisions, as well as supernatants obtained from the surface of the orthopedic structures and dental implants (control), were examined. Investigations were performed using X-ray microtomography, X-ray fluorescence analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Histological studies of the bone bed tissues were performed. Nanoscale and microscale metallic particles were identified as participants in the inflammatory process in tissues. Supernatants containing nanoscale particles were obtained from the surfaces of 20 units of new dental implants. Early and late apoptosis and necrosis of immunocompetent cells after co-culture and induction by lipopolysaccharide and human venous blood serum were studied in an experiment with staging on the THP-1 (human monocytic) cell line using visualizing cytometry. As a result, it was found that nano- and microparticles emitted from the surface of the oxide layer of medical devices impregnated soft tissue biopsy specimens. By using different methods to analyze the cell–molecule interactions of nano- and microparticles both from a clinical perspective and an experimental research perspective, the possibility of forming a chronic immunopathological endogenous inflammatory process with an autoimmune component in the tissues was revealed

Cell-Molecular Interactions of Nano- and Microparticles in Dental Implantology

The role of metallic nano- and microparticles in the development of inflammation has not yet been investigated. Soft tissue biopsy specimens of the bone bed taken during surgical revisions, as well as supernatants obtained from the surface of the orthopedic structures and dental implants (control), were examined. Investigations were performed using X-ray microtomography, X-ray fluorescence analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Histological studies of the bone bed tissues were performed. Nanoscale and microscale metallic particles were identified as participants in the inflammatory process in tissues. Supernatants containing nanoscale particles were obtained from the surfaces of 20 units of new dental implants. Early and late apoptosis and necrosis of immunocompetent cells after co-culture and induction by lipopolysaccharide and human venous blood serum were studied in an experiment with staging on the THP-1 (human monocytic) cell line using visualizing cytometry. As a result, it was found that nano- and microparticles emitted from the surface of the oxide layer of medical devices impregnated soft tissue biopsy specimens. By using different methods to analyze the cell–molecule interactions of nano- and microparticles both from a clinical perspective and an experimental research perspective, the possibility of forming a chronic immunopathological endogenous inflammatory process with an autoimmune component in the tissues was revealed