BIM kao delatnost zasnovana na standardima i uticaj na građevinski sektor

Informaciono modeliranje građevina (BIM) se danas sastoji od tehnologija, procesa i propisa koji omogućavaju kooperativno projektovanje, izgradnju i eksploataciju građevinskog objekta zasnovano na informacionom modelu. Samo razvoj softvera ne obezbeđuje uspešnu implementaciju BIM procesa i zato se pristupilo izradi većeg broja standarda koji regulišu taj proces. Iako standardi obuhvataju kako oblasti koje se direktno tiču projektanata, izvođača i investitora, tako i oblasti koje su potpuno orijentisane na razvoj softvera, ipak je razumevanje svih standarda potrebno da bi se sagledao ceo obim digitalne transformacije koju donosi BIM i ostvari uspešna primena BIM tehnologij

Information in Architecture in the Digital Age

Information technologies are so ubiquitous these days that we rarely question ourselves about what information is. Historically, the architecture became a profession when medieval master builders stopped the practice of designing and constructing the facility directly on the construction site and instead began to make plans for the future building, leaving the job of construction to other professions. Those drawings, plans, sections, elevations, details, represented information about future building. Today, like many other professions, architecture is facing a digital transformation. All information that has been traditionally used is now converted to digital form, and information technologies are becoming the basic tool for their creation, modification, maintenance and updating. The whole process takes place on the assumption that there is a general agreement on what information represents. The paper analyzes the concept of information and shows that there is no single definition that all professions accept. A review of different definitions is given with the main focus on the architectural information and its current use in digital technology. A detailed overview of the use of information in BIM technology and the efforts to unify it through the development of numerous standards is given. As the transition of architectural practice to the use of digital technologies becomes a necessity, it is useful to create a better understanding of the nature of information and information technologies. New ways of creating, transmitting and using information need to be mastered in order to achieve a successful digital transformation of architectural practice

Bim: Promises and reality

The building information modeling - BIM is a technology developed toward creation of computer based information model that encompasses whole building lifecycle. Toward that goal a number of information technology standards have been developed that enable different professions in AEC to cooperatively develop electronic building model. The paper gives overview of essential technologies, discusses their intended purpose, and gives outline of the currently achieved functionality

Information technology standards and structural life in civil engineering

Rad opisuje informaciono tehnološke standarde koji se nalaze u osnovi modela podataka sa pretenzijom da postane internacionalni standard za elektronski model građevine kao zamena za danas korišćenu klasičnu papirnu dokumentaciju. Prikazane tehnologije su: objektno orijentisano modelovanje proširivi jezik za označavanje (XML), osnovne industrijske klase (IFC) i informaciono modelovanje zgrade (BIM). Opisani model omogućava objedinjeni prikaz svih informacija potrebnih za ocenu veka konstrukcija u građevinarstvu i interoperabilnost među inženjerskim disciplinama uključenim u taj proces.The paper describes information technology standards that comprise the foundation of data model as a candidate for future international standard for electronic building model intended to replace traditional paper documents that are still in use. Described technologies include: object oriented modeling, eXtensible Markup Language (XML), Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and Building Information Modeling (BIM). The depicted model enables unified representation of all information necessary for structural life assessment in civil engineering and interoperability among engineering disciplines involved in the process

BIM Standards and Digital Transformation of AEC Sector

The building information modeling (BIM) has evolved from the field in which the enthusiasts were engaged to a regulated professional activity. This advancement is reflected in the development of BIM standards that increasingly regulate this topic. Some standards are the basis for modern work in the field of BIM, while others are more technically oriented. Yet understanding of all standards by all participants in the AEC process is essential for the successful digital transformation of the entire sector and successful application of BIM technology

Information technology standards and structural life in civil engineering

Rad opisuje informaciono tehnološke standarde koji se nalaze u osnovi modela podataka sa pretenzijom da postane internacionalni standard za elektronski model građevine kao zamena za danas korišćenu klasičnu papirnu dokumentaciju. Prikazane tehnologije su: objektno orijentisano modelovanje proširivi jezik za označavanje (XML), osnovne industrijske klase (IFC) i informaciono modelovanje zgrade (BIM). Opisani model omogućava objedinjeni prikaz svih informacija potrebnih za ocenu veka konstrukcija u građevinarstvu i interoperabilnost među inženjerskim disciplinama uključenim u taj proces.The paper describes information technology standards that comprise the foundation of data model as a candidate for future international standard for electronic building model intended to replace traditional paper documents that are still in use. Described technologies include: object oriented modeling, eXtensible Markup Language (XML), Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and Building Information Modeling (BIM). The depicted model enables unified representation of all information necessary for structural life assessment in civil engineering and interoperability among engineering disciplines involved in the process

Document vs. Model Based Digital Design Process

Beginning in the mid-20th century, numerous studies have pointed to the limitations of the human cognitive system and provided insight into human reliance on external structures as a way to overcome these limitations. In architecture, such external representations are drawings, tables, mock-ups and other types of project documents. With the introduction of digital technology in architectural design, a new type of architectural project representation was introduced into the design process - the digital model. The development of commercial architectural design software was based on the development of both information models that support computer processing and digital representations of traditional documents. A document is a representation intended for interpretation by humans, which takes into account all the shortcomings of the human cognitive system. Its value is based on permanence and immutability. On the other hand, the digital model enables computer-based processing, and it is free from the limitations of the human cognitive system. In order for a person to understand the digital model, it is necessary to translate it into the form of a document. The fact that a human cannot directly understand a digital model reduces the impact of computer technology and saves traditional working methods. The article discusses the differences between data and information and documents and digital models and how these concepts are implemented in the current BIM technology. The overview of the international standards BIM standards is given and their impact on the use of documents and models in the BIM process has been studied

Prompt system redesign: Shifting to open source technology to satisfy user requirements

The paper describes a redesign project undertaken in a short period to adapt a software system to user needs. Additional goals of the project included a shift to Open Source software and the selection of technology to enable sustainable system development. The paper chronologically describes all phases of the project and provides reasons for all decisions taken during the development process. The paper concludes with a discussion of the merits of the redesign methodology

Redefinicija procesa projektovanja i relizacije arhitekture u novonastajućoj arhitekturi po principu "digitalnog lanca"

The setting of design and architectural realization today cannot be considered separately from the emerging architecture, which is based on digital technology. Digital technology has primarily affected the architectural presentation, and eventually began to represent a design tool directly connected with the realization, which was across various digital techniques establishing continuity of a "digital gap" as a global problem of discontinuity of design and realization in architecture and fulfilling complex design requirements of the architecture today. With the characteristics of continuous connection, this relation design - realization is increasingly manifested as a CAAD/CAM technology and the most commonly researched as a "digital chain" principle. Primarily, the term "digital chain" is defined and investigated (theoretically, experimentally and practically) at the CAAD department at ETH Zurich (germ. ETH Zuerich) within the research projects of this institute. Today the tool has become an indispensable, inevitable and active, and the architect seemingly passive and in an unclear position in the whole process and the offered solutions of space and architecture. Accordingly, the paper explains the principle of "digital chain", and overlapping with elements of a conventional (standard) architectural approach, based on the settings of the positioning architects in new conditions, redefines the process of design and realization in the emerging architecture in architectonic sense.Postavka projektovanja i realizacije arhitekture danas se ne može posmatrati odvojeno od novonastajuće arhitekture (engl. emerging architecture), koja je bazirana na digitalnoj tehnologiji. Digitalna tehnologija je prvenstveno uticala na prezentaciju arhitekture, dok je vremenom počela da predstavlja i alat za projektovanje sa direktnom vezom sa realizacijom, koja je preko različitih digitalnih tehnika uspostavljala kontinuitet "digitalnog jaza" kao globalnog problema diskonuiteta izmedju projektovanja i realizacije arhitekture i ispunjavala kompleksne zahteve projektovanja danas. Sa karateristikama kontinualne veze, odnos projektovanje - realizacija se sve više manifestuje kao CAD/CAM tehnologija i često istražuje i kao princip "digitalnog lanca". Prvenstveno, termin "digitalni lanac" je definisan i istraživan (teoretski, eksperimentalno i praktično) na CAAD katedri na ETH Cirih (nem. ETH Zuerich) u okviru naučnih projekata ovog instituta. Danas je kao alat postao neophodan, neminovan i aktivan, a arhitekta naizgled pasivan i u nejasnoj poziciji u celom procesu i ponuđenom rešenju prostora i arhitekture. U skladu sa tim, rad objašnjava princip "digitalnog lanca", a preklapanjem sa elementima konvencionalnog arhitektonskog pristupa, bazirajući se na postavkama pozicioniranja arhitekte u novim uslovima, redefiniše proces projektovanja i realizacije novonastajuće arhitekture u smislu arhitektoničnosti

Complexity of Curved Glass Structures

Despite the increasing number of research on the architectural structures of curvilinear forms and technological and practical improvement of the glass production observed over recent years, there is still a lack of comprehensive codes and standards, recommendations and experience data linked to real-life curved glass structures applications regarding design, manufacture, use, performance and economy. However, more and more complex buildings and structures with the large areas of glass envelope geometrically complex shape are built every year. The aim of the presented research is to collect data on the existing design philosophy on curved glass structure cases. The investigation includes a survey about how architects and engineers deal with different design aspects of curved glass structures with a special focus on the design and construction process, glass types and structural and fixing systems. The current paper gives a brief overview of the survey findings