Irrigation management transfer in the Columbia Basin: lessons and international implications

Irrigation management, Farmer managed irrigation systems, Privatization, Irrigation efficiency, Irrigation effects, Project appraisal, Financing, Developing countries, Farm Management, Financial Economics,

Measuring irrigation performance in Africa:

"The paper develops indicators to look at the performance of the irrigation sector in Sub-Saharan Africa, where demand for food is high and irrigation has a proven potential to boost levels of agricultural productivity. By looking at six indicator categories—institutional framework, water resource use, irrigation area, irrigation technology, agricultural productivity, and poverty and food security—we assess the potential for improving performance in the agricultural food security sector through increasing irrigation sector investments. The indicators on water resource use indicate ample room for further development of the resource. The share of cultivated area equipped for irrigation in Africa is about a third of the world average and just one-sixth of the value for Asia. The low coverage of irrigation technology and the slow rate of growth in coverage clearly represent a lost opportunity for Africa and a tremendous potential for future investment and policy effort. Finally, African countries produce 38 percent of their crops (by value) from approximately 7 percent of their cultivated land on which water is managed, which again suggests that additional investment in irrigation would pay large benefits. The disproportionate contribution to agricultural production of Africa's small irrigated area suggests that returns on additional investment in irrigation would be high, both in terms of greater food security for the continent and greater production of export-quality agricultural goods." from authors' abstractIrrigation performance, Agricultural production, Water resources,

Irrigation and river basin management: options for governance and institutions

River basin development / Governance / Institutions / Organizations / Financing / Irrigation management / France / USA / Mexico / South Africa / Turkey / Vietnam / California / Central Valley / Lerma Chapala / Olifants / Gediz / Dong Nai

Some aspects of irrigation technology in Afghanistan

January 1977.CER76-77MS39.Includes bibliographical references.Paper developed under support from U.S. Agency for International Development under contract AID/csd-2460

Acid-base status and cardiovascular function in pigs anaesthetized with α-chloralose

Respiratory and cardiovascular parameters were examined in 47 pigs anaesthetized with α-chloralose 0.25% (100 mg/kg i.v.). Animals maintained under spontaneous respiration had a stable but subnormal arterial blood pressure. Heart rate was within the normal range. Respiration was depressed, causing elevated pCO2 and respiratory acidosis.Artificial ventilation with a minute volume of 0.15 1 per kg body weight normalized both cardiovascular and respiratory parameters.In conclusion α-chloralose can be considered valuable for maintaining anaesthesia in pigs during acute, non-survival experiments demanding minimal cardiovascular and pulmonary disturbance, but only where artificial ventilation is used

An animal model for the study of pancreatico-biliary and duodenal secretion

A description is given of the surgical preparation of a porcine model for the simultaneous study of the secretory activity of the liver, the pancreas, and the duodenal mucosa. Special emphasis has been given to major and minor complications.The various appllcations of the model are evaluated

Molecules in Real Cavities with Quantum Electrodynamical Density Functional Theory

Rapid experimental progress in realizing strongly coupled light-matter systems in complex electromagnetic environments necessitates the development of theoretical methods capable of treating light and matter from first principles. A popular such method is quantum electrodynamical density functional theory (QEDFT) which is a generalization of density functional theory to situations where the electronic system is coupled to quantized light modes. While this method provides a powerful description of the electronic system and the quantized modes of light, it has so far been unable to deal correctly with absorbing and dispersing electromagnetic media in practice. In addition, the cavity field strength parameters have not been linked to the real electromagnetic environment in which the matter is embedded meaning that these are effectively free parameters. In this paper, we discuss how macroscopic QED (MQED) can be invoked to correctly parameterize QEDFT for realistic optical cavity setups. To exemplify this approach, we consider the example of a absorbing spherical cavity and study the impact of different parameters of both the environment and the electronic system on the transition from weak-to-strong coupling. As a result of our work, the coupling parameters in general, lossy environments can be now expressed in terms of the classical Dyadic Green's Function. Because the Dyadic Green's Function is completely determined by the electromagnetic environment and the boundary conditions, it thus removes the light-matter coupling strengths as free parameters. As part of this work, we also provide an easy to use tool that can calculate the cavity coupling strengths for simple cavity setups