Flow of patients and measurements through the phases of the study.

<p>Flow of patients and measurements through the phases of the study.</p

Sensitivity analysis related to amount and fragmentation of data.

<p>Sensitivity analysis related to amount and fragmentation of data.</p

Scaling exponent alpha (T_alpha) over postnatal age.

<p>T_alpha decreased from a mean (SD) of 1.67 (0.18) on day one of life to 1.46 (0.22) on day five of life (p<0.001).</p

Scaling exponent alpha (T_alpha) over respiratory support.

<p>T_alpha grouped by the level of respiratory support present during a temperature measurement. Multilevel linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant positive association between T_alpha and stepwise increase of respiratory support from none to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and from CPAP to endotracheal ventilation (p < 0.001, R² = 0.29).</p

Univariable, multilevel linear regression analyses of scaling exponent alpha and sample entropy of body temperature.

<p>Univariable, multilevel linear regression analyses of scaling exponent alpha and sample entropy of body temperature.</p

Lung clearance index (LCI; upper panel) and the second moment ratio (M₂/M₀; lower panel) difference with the presence and absence of bronchiectasis (n = 13 with and n = 36 without bronchiectasis) and air trapping (n = 24 with and n = 25 without air trapping) in infants with cystic fibrosis.

<p>Data are presented as box and whisker plots representing the 25^th and 75^th centiles and 10^th and 90^th centiles respectively. There were no differences in LCI between those infant with (grey box) and without (white box) lung damage while M₂/M₀ was significantly increased (p = 0.049) in those infants and young children with air trapping present on chest CT.</p

Anthropometric and clinical characteristics at the time of assessment.

<p>Continuous data expressed as mean ± SD (range). Categorical data expressed as absolute number (% proportion of cohort). Chest CT extent scores expressed as median (range). FRC: function residual capacity; LCI: lung clearance index: M₁/M₀: first to zeroth moment ratio; M₂/M₀: second to zeroth moment ratio.</p

Lung clearance index (LCI) plotted against age (weeks) in infants diagnosed with cystic fibrosis following newborn screening.

<p>Infants with air trapping are shown in closed circles.</p

Multivariate relationships between ventilation inhomogeneity and the extent of air trapping.

<p>LCI: lung clearance index; M₁/M₀: first to zeroth moment ratio; M₂/M₀: second to zeroth moment ratio. Infection was categorised as ≥10⁵ colony forming units. The extent of lung damage was assessed on a scale of 0 (no damage) to 12 (>50% damage in all lobes). Regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals are shown.</p>∑<p>p<0.01;</p><p>*p<0.005;</p>#<p>p<0.05.</p

Changes in the lung clearance index (LCI; panel A) and the first (M₁/M₀; panel B) and second moment ratios (M₂/M₀; panel C) with the increasing extent of air trapping.

<p>Increasing extent of air trapping was associated with an increased LCI (r = 0.31 p = 0.03) and M₂/M₀ (r = 0.40; p<0.005) but not M₁/M₀ (r = 0.28; p = 0.051).</p