Meeting in the Middle: Using Stakeholder Theory to Create Shared Value as a Way of Increasing CSR Implementation amongst SMEs – An Icelandic Perspective

The purpose of this thesis is to explore SMEs’ relations to stakeholders when implementing corporate social responsibility. Furthermore, it examines what role the size of the SMEs play in implementing CSR and in managing stakeholders. The thesis explores whether the competitive landscape of the market creates tension where SMEs’ decision makers feel pressured to choose between doing well financially and socially. Additionally, the thesis aims to find a solution that will engage SMEs to partake in CSR to a greater extent by utilizing stakeholder theory and the notion of creating shared value. This thesis helps bridge the gap of low CSR implementation rate in SMEs and finds that increasing awareness of impact is a key aspect of increasing implementation along with addressing the most important motivation for CSR implementation, the altruistic motivation. Furthermore, this thesis suggests that CSR implementation in SMEs could be improved by combining stakeholder theory with the notion of creating shared value. Our findings identify four key networking tools that could assist in doing so through the implementation of the framework we have created based on these findings, the SME Network System

Impact of renal dysfunction on early outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting surgery

Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Laeknafelag Islands. All rights reserved.INNGANGUR Skert nýrnastarfsemi eins og við langvinnan nýrnasjúkdóm er áhættuþáttur kransæðasjúkdóms og hefur verið tengd við aukna tíðni fylgikvilla og dánartíðni eftir kransæðahjáveituaðgerð. Árangur hjáveituaðgerða hjá þessum sjúklingahóp hefur ekki verið rannsakaður sérstaklega hér á landi og er markmið rannsóknarinnar að bæta úr því, með áherslu á snemmkomna fylgikvilla og 30 daga dánartíðni. EFNIVIÐUR OG AÐFERÐIR Afturskyggn ferilrannsókn á 2300 sjúklingum sem gengust undir kransæðahjáveitu á Landspítala 2001-2020. Sjúklingunum var skipt í fjóra hópa eftir áætluðum gaukulsíunarhraða (GSH) reiknuðum fyrir aðgerð og voru hóparnir bornir saman; GSH 45-59 mL/mín/1,73m2, GSH 30-44 mL/mín/1,73m2, GSH 60 mL/mín/1,73m2). Klínískar upplýsingar fengust úr sjúkraskrám og lógistísk aðhvarfsgreining notuð til að meta forspárþætti 30 daga dánartíðni. NIÐURSTÖÐUR Alls höfðu 429 sjúklingar (18,7%) skerta nýrnastarfsemi og voru þeir rúmlega sex árum eldri að meðaltali, einkennameiri, höfðu hærra meðal EuroSCORE II (5,0 á móti 1,9, p ÁLYKTANIR Sjúklingar með skerta nýrnastarfsemi eru eldri og hafa alvarlegri kransæðasjúkdóm en þeir sem hafa eðlilega nýrnastarfsemi. Tíðni snemmkominna fylgikvilla og 30 daga dánartíðni í kjölfar kransæðahjáveituaðgerða reyndist marktækt hærri hjá sjúklingum með verstu nýrnastarfsemina sem jafnframt var sterkasti sjálfstæði forspárþáttur 30 daga dánartíðni. INTRODUCTION: Impaired renal function as seen in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a known risk factor for coronary artery diseases and has been linked to inferior outcome after myocardial revascularization. Studies on the outcome of coronary bypass grafting (CABG) in CKD-patients are scarce. We aimed to study this subgroup of patients following CABG in a well defined whole-nation cohort, focusing on short term complications and 30 day mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study on 2300 consecutive patients that underwent CABG at Landspítali University Hospital 2001-2020. Patients were divided into four groups according to preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and the groups compared. GFR 45–59 mL/mín/1.73m2, GFR 30-44 mL/mín/1.73m2, GFR RESULTS: Altogether 429 (18.7%) patients had impaired kidney function; these patients being more than six years older, having more cardiac symptoms and a higher mean EuroSCORE II (5.0 vs. 1.9, p CONCLUSIONS: Patients with impaired renal function are older and more often have severe coronary artery disease. Early complications and 30-day mortality were much higher in these patients compared to controls and advanced renal failure and the strongest predictor of 30-day mortality.INTRODUCTION: Impaired renal function as seen in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a known risk factor for coronary artery diseases and has been linked to inferior outcome after myocardial revascularization. Studies on the outcome of coronary bypass grafting (CABG) in CKD-patients are scarce. We aimed to study this subgroup of patients following CABG in a well defined whole-nation cohort, focusing on short term complications and 30 day mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study on 2300 consecutive patients that underwent CABG at Landspítali University Hospital 2001-2020. Patients were divided into four groups according to preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and the groups compared. GFR 45-59 mL/mín/1.73m2, GFR 30-44 mL/mín/1.73m2, GFR <30 mL/mín/1.73m2 and controls with normal GFR (≥60 mL/mín/1.73m2). Clinical information was gathered from medical records and logistic regression used to estimate risk factors of 30-day mortality. RESULTS: Altogether 429 (18.7%) patients had impaired kidney function; these patients being more than six years older, having more cardiac symptoms and a higher mean EuroSCORE II (5.0 vs. 1.9, p<0.001) compared to controls. Furthermore, their left ventricular ejection fraction was also lower, their median hospital stay extended by two days and major short-term complications more common, as was 30 day mortality (24.4% vs. 1.4%, p<0.001). In multivariate analysis advanced age, ejection fraction <30% and GFR <30 mL/min/1.73m2 were independent predictors of higher 30-day mortality (OR=10.4; 95% CI: 3.98-25.46). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with impaired renal function are older and more often have severe coronary artery disease. Early complications and 30-day mortality were much higher in these patients compared to controls and advanced renal failure and the strongest predictor of 30-day mortality.Peer reviewe