Spread spectrum mobile communication experiment using ETS-V satellite

The spread spectrum technique is attractive for application to mobile satellite communications, because of its random access capability, immunity to inter-system interference, and robustness to overloading. A novel direct sequence spread spectrum communication equipment is developed for land mobile satellite applications. The equipment is developed based on a matched filter technique to improve the initial acquisition performance. The data rate is 2.4 kilobits per sec. and the PN clock rate is 2.4552 mega-Hz. This equipment also has a function of measuring the multipath delay profile of land mobile satellite channel, making use of a correlation property of a PN code. This paper gives an outline of the equipment and the field test results with ETS-V satellite

Weakly balanced multi-branching AND-OR trees: Reconstruction of the omitted part of Saks-Wigderson (1986) (Theory and Applications of Proof and Computation)

We investigate variants of the Nash equilibrium for query complexity of Boolean functions. We reconstruct some omitted proofs and definitions in the paper of Saks and Wigderson (1986). In particular, by extending observation by Arimoto (2020), we introduce concepts of “weakly balanced multi-branching tree” as modified versions of “nearly balanced tree” of Saks and Wigderson, and we show recurrence formulas of randomized complexity for weakly balanced multi-branching trees

A Theory of Slip-Band Formation and Work-Hardening in Face-Centred Cubic Metal Crystals

The theory of dislocation network in a face-centred cubic lattice put forward by H. Suzuki and the present author is extended to account for slip-band formation and work-hardening. It is shown that the elements of the network remained in an annealed crystal with sufficiently long life-time behave as slip sources, which emitt dislocation spirals in successive planes. The pole dislocations can form a sessile dislocation with the operative slip dislocation near the node, when they move for short distance with the help of the stress induced by the dislocation spirals of the operative slip system. Soon after yielding, accordingly, an equilibrium distribution of dislocation loops is likely formed around the segment of the sessile dislocation. The back stress is estimated by magnetic analogue, and linear hardening rate thus obtained can be compared with experiment. To form a fine structure of slip band is first required theoretically in the stage of rapid hardening from the relation between the mean density of activated sources in a slip zone and the mean separation distance between primary zones. This prediction shows a well accordance with experiment. While, it is found experimentally that fine slips are formed from surface sources and they are localized only in surface layers. This is also understood quite naturally from the present theory

Anelasticity of Ferromagnetics : Magneto-Elastic Relaxation in Nickel

In the present work we are concerned with the inter-correlation between Bloch walls and structural imperfections in ferromagnetics, both of which are movable under an applied stress. The stress-relaxation accompanied by the movement of lattice imperfections will affect the displacement of Bloch wall. This points to a possibility that a gradual displacement of Bloch walls or their delayed jerkey motion plays an important role in transient creep of ferromagnetics (magneto-elastic relaxation). In fact we have found such a phenomenon in an annealed nickel from the measurements of transient creep without magnetic field in the one case and with field of 400 oersteds in the other, which was performed under the application of very small stresses of the order of 10^6～10^7 dynes/cm^2 at elevated temperatures. Experimental results are discussed somewhat quantitatively from the points of view of the recent theory of boundary layer model concerning mosaic structures in metals in connection with ferromagnetic domain structures

Direct Pulp Capping Effect with Experimentally Developed Adhesive Resin Systems Containing Reparative Dentin Promoting Agents on Rat Pulp -Mixed Amounts of Additives and Their Effect on Wound Healing-

This study examined the wound healing process of exposed rat pulp when treated with experimental adhesive resin systems. The experimental direct pulp capping adhesive resin systems were composed of primer-I, primer-II and an experimental bonding agent. Primer-I was Clearfil SE Bond (CSE) primer containing 1.0 or 5.0wt% CaCl2, and primer-II was CSE primer containing 0.1, 1.0 or 5.0wt% compound of equal mole of pA and pB with synthetic peptides derived from dentin-matrix-protein 1 (DMP1). Primer-I containing 1.0wt% and 5.0wt% CaCl2 were assigned to the experimental groups 1 to 3, and 4 to 6, respectively. Primer-II containing 0.1, 1.0 or 5.0wt% compound of pA and pB were assigned to the experimental groups 1 and 4, 2 and 5, and 3 and 6, respectively. In all experimental groups, CSE bond containing 10wt% hydroxyapatite powder was used as the experimental bonding agent. The positive control teeth were capped with calcium hydroxide preparation (Dycal), and the negative control teeth were capped with CSE. The specimens were alternately stained with Mayer's H&E and the enhanced polymer one-step staining method. Experimental groups 1, 4, 5 and 6 showed a higher level of reparative dentin formation compared to the negative control 14 days postoperatively. At 28 days postoperatively, all experimental groups showed the formation of extensive reparative dentin, and experimental groups 4, 5 and 6 demonstrated similar dentin bridge formation as that of the positive control. How quickly reparative dentin formation occurs might depend on the concentration of CaCl2 and pA and pB in the experimental primer

Efficacy of gelatin gel sheets in sustaining the release of basic fibroblast growth factor for murine skin defects

Background: Gelatin has been used as a material sustaining the release of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), which promotes fibroblast proliferation and capillary formation and accelerates wound healing. In the application of these materials, bFGF is impregnated immediately before application, and it is difficult to conform the shape to the wound. In this study, we prepared a pliable and plastic gelatin gel sheet (GGS) that sustains bFGF and conforms to the shape of the wound as a result of cross-linking just before application. In addition, we examined the sustained release profile of bFGF from GGS and its effect on wound healing in murine skin defects. Materials and methods: A 13-wt% gelatin solution was mixed with bFGF before cross-linking with 1% glutaraldehyde solution. GGSs impregnated with 7 μg/cm2 of bFGF were incubated in phosphate-buffered saline and collagenase solution, and GGS degradation and bFGF release were evaluated. In the murine experiments, GGSs treated without bFGF and GGSs impregnated with 1, 3.5, 7, or 14 μg/cm2 of bFGF were applied to full-thickness skin defects created on the backs of C57BL/6JJcl mice, and the wound closure, epithelial length, extent of granulation tissue and capillary formation were compared. Results: bFGF was released according to the degradation of GGS in phosphate-buffered saline, and the remaining bFGF was released in collagenase solution. In the animal studies, epithelialization was accelerated in the GGSs treated with 1 and 3.5 μg/cm2 of bFGF, and granulation tissue formation and angiogenesis were promoted based on the amount of bFGF impregnated into the GGS. Conclusions: GGS impregnated with bFGF is capable of sustaining the release of bFGF, with consequent accelerated epithelialization, granulation tissue formation, and angiogenesis in vivo. GGS is a novel and promising wound dressing that sustains bFGF and can be adapted to the shape of various wounds in the treatment of both acute and chronic wounds