継承語年少学習者と第二言語学習者 : ロシア語教育の方法

<p>(G1) (Normal control group); (G2) (Ulcer control group); (G3) (Omeprazole); (G4) (62.5 mg/kg), (G5) (125 mg/kg), (G6) (250 mg/kg) and (G7) (500 mg/kg) of <i>V</i>. <i>pubescens</i> extract. HSP70 protein was over-expressed in rats pre-treated with omeprazole or <i>V</i>. <i>pubescens</i> extract (brown color shows over-expression of HSP70 protein) (magnification 20×). There were 6 rats in each group of experiment. The Image J program was used to evaluate protein expression. All values are expressed as the means ± the standard error of mean. The mean difference was significant at the <i>p < 0</i>.<i>05</i> level compared to the cancer control group.</p

<総説>

家族看護学が看護の専門領域として確立され発展していくため,今後の研究の方向性を明らかにしたいと,国内外の家族および家族看護学に関する文献の数量的動向と研究領域別文献概観を行った結果,国内外ともに家族,家族の健康,家族援助に関する研究報告は増加傾向にあり,家族への関心の高まりと実践上の必要性が反映されていた。また,わが国では高齢化社会における家族援助の要求が家族看護学の確立を促していること,今後は家族を対象とした評価方法の開発や援助に関する予防的・実践的研究が求められていることが示唆された。The review of the literature on family nursing through numerical trend and research fields was done to know how to establish and develop nursing specialty in this area. The followings were suggested. 1) The researches concerning family, family health, and family practice were increasing in both inside and outside of Japan. 2) ln U. S. A., family nursing was developed in the field of maternal-child and psychiatric nursing, introducing family system theory. In Japan family nursing is rather essential in the field of home care for the aeed, due to aging population. 3) Further researches on development of assessment tool, intervention and social support are necessary, especially by preventive and practical points of view

Inhibition of angiogenesis in zebrafish embryo by PA.

#<p>Complete inhibition of ISV blood flow.</p>##<p>Inhibition of ≥4 ISV blood flow.</p>###<p>Inhibition of ≤3 ISV blood flow.</p

Effects of PA on HUVECs secretion of MMP-2.

<p>(A) Quantitative measurement of secreted MMP-2 by ELISA assay. Data are expressed as means ± SEM of two independent experiments. Statistical significance is expressed as <i>P</i><0.01; *, <i>P</i><0.05 versus untreated control (B) Qualitative analysis of expression of pro, intermediated and active MMP-2 using Gelatin zymography. Gel images were acquired on a Bio Rad Chemi XR Gel doc System.</p

Selective cytotoxicity of PA on endothelial cells.

<p>(A) Chemical structure of Panduratin A (B) Dose-dependent cytotoxic effects of PA on HUVECs, WI-38, and WRL-68 cells as examined by MTT assay.</p

Effects of PA on cytoskeletals system of HUVECs.

<p>(A) HUVECs were treated with PA, paclitaxel, cytochalasin B, or medium alone (untreated control) for 16 h. HUVECs were fixed and stained with DY554-phalloidin for F-actin, and anti-tubulin antibody for microtubules, respectively. Images were acquired on Cellomics ArrayScan HCS Reader. Number of (B) F-actin (stress fiber), and (C) Microtubule fibers count were analyzed by Cellomics Morphology BioApplication. Data are expressed as means ± SEM of three independent experiments. Statistical significance is expressed as ***, <i>P</i><0.001; **, <i>P</i><0.01; *, <i>P</i><0.05 versus untreated control. Scale bar indicates 50 µm.</p

IC₅₀ values of PA on HUVECs, WRL-68, and WI-38 derived from MTT assay and RTCA respectively.

<p>IC₅₀ values of PA on HUVECs, WRL-68, and WI-38 derived from MTT assay and RTCA respectively.</p

PA inhibits morphogenesis of endothelial cells.

<p>(A) Representative images of fluorescent-labeled HUVECs treated with different concentrations of PA. Greyscale fluorescence images are shown with colored overlays from the algorithm identifying the different entities measured: connected tubes are outlined in blue, unconnected objects are in aqua, nodes where the tube branches are marked by pink dots, and objects rejected from the quantitative analysis are in orange (B) Effects of PA on properties of tube formed (Angiogenic Index, Percentage of connected tubes and Tube area) as quantitated by Tube Formation BioApplication. Data are expressed as means ± SEM of three independent experiments. Statistical significance is expressed as ***, <i>P</i><0.001; **, <i>P</i><0.01; *, <i>P</i><0.05 versus untreated control. Scale bar indicates 200 µm.</p

Selective cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative effects of PA on HUVECs.

<p>Dynamic growth and kinetic response of cells upon PA treatment were monitored using Real-Time Cell Analyzer. Representative Real-Time Cell Analysis Profiles of (A) HUVECs, (B) WRL-68, and (C) WI-38 cells treated with PA for 72 H.</p

PA suppresses VEGF induced survival and proliferation on HUVECs.

<p>(A) Representative RTCA profile of VEGF induced growth and survival. HUVECs were seeded in an E-Plate and allowed to attach and grow overnight. At exponential growth phase, HUVECs were serum-starved for 6 h before stimulation with VEGF and co-treatment of PA (B) Normalized cell index of HUVECs at different time points upon co-administration with PA and VEGF. Data are expressed as means ± SEM of three independent experiments. Statistical significance is expressed as ***, <i>P</i><0.001; **, <i>P</i><0.01; *, <i>P</i><0.05 versus VEGF control.</p