The Intertwining of Educational Dualism in Post-New Order Indonesia

This study focuses on continuities and changes in the dualism of national education after the collapse of the New-Order Regime in 1998. It argues that the Indonesian dualism of education may serve as a significant context in shaping the existing tensions in citizenship education in post- New-Order Indonesia. Drawing from a thematic analysis of citizenship education documents, related policy, and interviews with authors and higher education teaching staff, this study echoes the latest observations that reveal a more intertwining than rigid separation of the continuing dualism of national education. Yet, unlike the previous studies that reveal the tensions in more Islamic-based education, in its response to a more secular and modern demand, this study further highlights the intertwining of the dualism of education palpable in the citizenship education policy in post-New-Order Indonesia. It further calls for policy makers and educators to evaluate the existing citizenship education curriculum and its implementation within the context of an intertwined educational dualism in Indonesia. As such, this paper further aims to highlight the urgency of considering broader cultural and political contexts and actors involved in the process of reproducing official narratives of Indonesianess in the national curricula

Penurunan Depresi Pada Lansia Harga Diri Rendah Melalui Terapi Aktivitas Kelompok Dan Terapi Kognitif

Decrease in Elderly Depression through Therapy Low Self-Esteem Group Activities and Cognitive Therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of Therapy of Group Activities (TGA) stimulatiing low self esteem perception and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for depression in elderly low self esteem. The research design was quasi experiment with pre-post test control group. The sample of this research are 28 respondents in the intervention group and 28 respondents in control group. Data collection with Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and were analyzed using T-test. The results showed significant decrease of elderly depression low self-esteem in both groups with a decrease of 67.4% intervention group and 31.9% of controls (p value <0.05) and significant relationship exists between elderly characteristics (gender, education, marital status, employment and comorbid physical illness) with depression in elderly low self-esteem (p value <0,05). Therefore, TGA stimulating low self-esteem and perception of cognitive behavioral therapy are recommended for depression in the elderly low self esteem

Risk Factors Analysis of Herbicide Applicators (Case Study on Palm Oil Plantation PT. S Banyuasin District)

Background: Recently, herbicide used widely in agriculture and plantation areas to controlling weeds. The application of herbicide can have positive effects and negative impacts, if the application is not compliant can pollute the environment and cause health problems to workers. One of the health effects that may result is a decrease in hemoglobin level workers. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors of anemia in oil palm plantations. Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional; with a sample size is a total population of 40 respondents. Data collection were using questionnaires and measurement of hemoglobin level used to Hb meter. Result: The variables that were significantly associated with anemia that respiratory exposure, the use of personal protective equipment and decontamination after spraying, whereas the most dominant variables determine anemia that respiratory exposure and the use of personal protective equipment. Conclusion: Mayority of herbicide applicators experiencing anemia, anemia caused by several variables were respiratory exposure, the use of personal protective equipment, decontamination after spraying. As a result of direct exposure to herbicide causing active ingredients of herbicide absorbed into the body, so it accumulates in the body, and can affect the formation of hemoglobin in the body of workers. Therefore, recommended that the company provide personal protective equipment, special room for decontamination after spraying. In addition, it is necessary to improve knowledge and awareness of workers using personal protective equipment

Child Pugh C and Male Gender Were Related to Nutritional Status of Liver Cirrhosis Patients in Koja Hospital Jakarta

Background: Malnutrition is found in 65-90% patients with liver cirrhosis. Malnourished patients with cirrhosis have a higher rate of complications. Aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk of malnutrition in liver cirrhosis patients at Koja hospital, Jakarta. Method: All liver cirrhosis patients visited Koja hospital during January - March 2009 was evaluated. An inclusion criterion was liver cirrhosis. An exclusion criterion was unable to speak Indonesia. The distributions of age, gender, body mass index (BMI), triceps skin-fold thickness (TSF), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), Child Pugh classification were assessed. The criteria of malnutrition was done according to MAMC and BMI. Result: There were 38 liver cirrhosis patients fit the criteria. Twenty five (65.8%) cases were classified as malnutrition according to MAMC, 21 (55.3%) were classified as malnutrition according to BMI. Four patients (10.5%) were Child Pugh scores A, 15 Child Pugh B (39.5%) and the rest 19 patients (50.0%) were Child Pugh C. There was a trend correlation between malnutrition according to MAMC and Child Pugh criteria but not statistically significant. Conclusion: In our study we found 65.8% of liver cirrhosis patients were malnourished according to MAMC. Malnutrition was higher in male, as well as in Child Pugh score C. MAMC is more accurate than BMI in assessing nutritional status in liver cirrhosis

Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopic and Histopathological Findings in Patients with Dyspepsia

Background: Dyspepsia is a syndrome located in the epigastric area. Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract endoscopy and histopathological examination are important diagnostic tools for dyspepsia. This study aimed to evaluate the pattern of dyspepsia in patients who underwent endoscopy examination at Koja Hospital, Jakarta. Method: All patients with dyspepsia who visited Koja Hospital from January until December 2011 were evaluated in this observational study. The data taken was age, gender, clinical symptoms, risk factors, alarm symptoms, body mass index, UGI tract endoscopic and histopathological findings. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis. Results: Of 1,279 patients with dyspepsia symptoms, 148 patients underwent UGI tract endoscopy. The main symptom was epigastric pain (91.2%). The most common risk factor was female (60.1%). The most common finding of alarm symptoms was history of UGI bleeding (21.6%). The most frequent result of UGI tract endoscopy was gastritis (79.7%). The most widely found of gastritis type was moderate antral gastritis (56%). The most common gastritis histopathological finding was non-active, non- atrophic, non-dysplastic chronic moderate gastritis (56%). All biopsy results included those with gastritis as well as gastric ulcer, which revealed negative results of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Conclusion: The pattern of dyspepsia at Koja Hospital includes female predominant, most patients had alarm symptom history of UGI bleeding, gastritis on endoscopic findings, but H. pylori was not found in histopathological results

Improvement of Nutritional Status in Liver Cirrhotic Patients with Adequate Dietary Feeding and High Branched-chain Amino Acids Supplementation

Background: There is still a high prevalence of malnutrition among liver cirrhotic patients despite the fact that it deteriorates their prognosis. Pre-albumin can be used as a parameter to evaluate short-term nutritional status. This study was conducted to find out the overall outcome of calories and protein diet, and substitution of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) to enhance pre-albumin serum level in cirrhotic patients with malnutrition. Method: This was a quasi-experimental study conducted in liver cirrhotic patients who visited Koja Hospital between April and September 2009. Mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) was used to evaluate nutritional status. Those with MAMC below the 15th percentile were considered as malnourished. Diet of adequate calories and protein with the substitution of 2 x 4 scoop (± 60 g) BCAA milk powder in 200 mL warm water twice daily (± 7.3 g BCAA) was given for two weeks. Pre-albumin serum level was subsequently monitored (before and after intervention) to see if there were any nutritional status changes. Data was analyzed using dependent student T-test with SPSS version 15.0. Results: There were eligible 16 patients. The average pre-albumin level after diet intervention for two weeks was significantly higher than those before the intervention; i.e. from 5.8 (2.2) mg/dL to 6.8 (2.1) mg/dL, with p = 0.004. Conclusion: Diet of adequate calories and branched-chain amino acid can improve the pre-albumin serum level in liver cirrhotic patients with malnutrition

The Efficacy of L-Ornithine L-Aspartate Granules and Normal Protein Diet in Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy with Malnutrition

Background: The dietary protein restriction that was commonly recommended to hepatic encephalopathy (HE) patients, often leads to malnutrition, whereas malnutrition can deteriorate cirrhosis prognosis. The aims of this study were to find out encephalopathy improvement that was measured by critical flicker frequency (CFF) test and nutritional status by measuring prealbumin level after L-Ornithine L-Aspartate (LOLA) treatment with adequate calories and protein intake in patients with HE. Method: Patients with liver cirrosis who visited Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital on June-October 2009 was evaluated by CFF test using HEPAtonormTM device. Encephalopathy was defined when CFF < 39 Hz. Nutritional status was measured by the mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) and was stated as malnutrition when the MAMC was below the 15th percentile. Patients had been treated by 3 x 6 mg LOLA granules for 2 weeks, and adequate calories and protein intake with branched-chain amino acid (BCAAs) substitution. The change of encephalopaty was evaluated by the CFF test and the nutritional status by measuring prealbumin blood level. Results: There were 17 patients with liver cirrhosis who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The mean CFF Result increased from 34.1 ± 2.5 Hz to 36.5 ± 2.9 Hz after LOLA treatment with the adequate calories and protein intake including BCAAs substitution, which was statistically significant (p < 0.001) compared to before treatment. The prealbumin level also increased significantly compared before treatment, i.e. from 5.4 ± 2.1 mg/dL to 6.4 ± 2.6 mg/dL, p = 0.008. Conclusion: HE patients with malnutrition could be given adequate calorie and protein with BCAAs substitution to improve their nutritional status, and LOLA granules for the improvement of HE

Effect of Omeprazole to Dyspeptic Symptom on Ramadan Fasting Patient Based on Dyspepsia Symptoms Severity Index Scores

Background: Dyspepsia is a symptoms collection of discomfort at the upper abdomen. Ramadan Fasting is a worship that must be run by all Moslems that do not eat and drink for ± 12 hours. Proton pump inhibitors are drugs commonly given to patients with dyspepsia with mechanism controlling gastric acid secretion. The aim of this study is to find the effect of omeprazole to the patient with dyspepsia and undergo Ramadan fasting.Method: Using analytic study design, conducted in outpatient in Koja Hospital Jakarta from June - July 2013, for patients with dyspepsia who will undergo Ramadan fasting. Subjects are divided into 2 groups; one group was given omeprazole while others were given a placebo. Before and after 2 weeks of fasting, dyspepsia symptoms severity index scores (DSSI) was taken which assessed changes in both groups and compared using student T-test.Results: DSSI scores on average before the intervention of both groups (n = 30) was not significant (p = 0.9). In the placebo group obtained increasing of DSSI score from 27.7 ± 14 to 36 ± 14.8 (p = 0.001), whereas in the omeprazole group obtained increasing of score only from 27.2 ± 9.4 to 30 ± 9.9 (p = 0.08). In the placebo group score worsened by 8.3 ± 7.2 but in the omeprazole group with only 2.7 ± 5.7 (p = 0.02).Conclusion: There was a significant decrease of DSSI scores in fasting patient with omeprazole. Therapy with omeprazole 20 mg twice daily during the month of fasting can reduce the abdominal complain in patient with dyspepsia