Additional file 1 of Trend changes and factor analysis of endometrial hyperplasia in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome based on the Korean National Health Insurance Database

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. List of medications. Supplementary Table 2. Prevalence rates of PCOS and EH from 2009 to 2016 by age distribution. PCOS = polycystic ovary syndrome, EH = endometrial hyperplasia. Supplementary Table 3. Incidence rates of PCOS and EH from 2009 to 2016 by age distribution. PCOS = polycystic ovary syndrome, EH = endometrial hyperplasia

A decrease in serum creatinine after ICU admission is associated with increased mortality

<div><p>Background</p><p>The elevation of serum creatinine (SCr), acute kidney injury (AKI), is associated with an increase of mortality in critically ill patients. However, it is uncertain whether a decrease in SCr in the intensive care unit (ICU) has an effect on outcomes.</p><p>Methods</p><p>In a retrospective study, we enrolled 486 patients who had been admitted to an urban tertiary center ICU between Jan 2014 and Dec 2014. The effect of changes in SCr after ICU admission on 90 day mortality was analyzed. Patients were classified into 3 groups based on change in SCr after ICU admission: a stable SCr group (Δ SCr < 0.3mg/dL during ICU stay), a decreased SCr group (Δ SCr ≥ -0.3 mg/dL during ICU stay) and an increased SCr group with criteria based on the KDIGO AKI criteria.</p><p>Results</p><p>In total, 486 patients were identified. SCr decreased in 123 (25.3%) patients after ICU admission. AKI developed in 125 (24.4%) patients. The overall 90-day mortality rate was 29.0%. In a Kaplan-Meyer analysis, the mortality of the AKI group was higher than that of other groups (p<0.0001). Patients with a decrease in SCr had a higher mortality rate than those with stable SCr (p<0.0001). A Cox analysis showed that both a decrease in SCR (HR, 3.56; 95% CI, 1.59–7.97; p = 0.002) and an increase in SCr (AKI stage 1, HR, 9.35; 95% CI, 4.18–20.9; p<0.0001; AKI stage 2, HR, 11.82; 95% CI, 3.85–36.28; p<0.0001; AKI stage 3, HR, 17.41; 95% CI, 5.50–55.04; p<0.0001) were independent risk factors for death compared to stable SCr.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Not only an increase in SCr, but also a decrease in SCr was associated with mortality in critically ill patients.</p></div

Additional file 1: of Adjusting heterogeneous ascertainment bias for genetic association analysis with extended families

Web-based Supporting Materials for “Adjusting heterogeneous ascertainment bias for genetic association analysis with extended families” by Suyeon Park, Sungyoung Lee, Young Lee, Christine Herold , Basavaraj Hooli, Kristina Mullin, Lars Bertram, Taesung Park, Changsoon Park, Christoph Lange, Rudolph Tanzi , and Sungho Won

Association of Metabolites with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Based on <i>FTO</i> Genotype

<div><p>The single nucleotide polymorphism rs9939609 of the gene <i>FTO</i>, which encodes fat mass and obesity–associated protein, is strongly associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in multiple populations; however, the underlying mechanism of this association is unclear. The present study aimed to investigate <i>FTO</i> genotype–dependent metabolic changes in obesity and T2D. To elucidate metabolic dysregulation associated with disease risk genotype, genomic and metabolomic datasets were recruited from 2,577 participants of the Korean Association REsource (KARE) cohort, including 40 homozygous carriers of the <i>FTO</i> risk allele (AA), 570 heterozygous carriers (AT), and 1,967 participants carrying no risk allele (TT). A total of 134 serum metabolites were quantified using a targeted metabolomics approach. Through comparison of various statistical methods, seven metabolites were identified that are significantly altered in obesity and T2D based on the <i>FTO</i> risk allele (adjusted <i>p</i> < 0.05). These identified metabolites are relevant to phosphatidylcholine metabolic pathway, and previously reported to be metabolic markers of obesity and T2D. In conclusion, using metabolomics with the information from genome-wide association studies revealed significantly altered metabolites depending on the <i>FTO</i> genotype in complex disorders. This study may contribute to a better understanding of the biological mechanisms linking obesity and T2D.</p></div

Outcomes according to serum creatinine change.

<p>Outcomes according to serum creatinine change.</p

Kaplan-Meier survival curve for the groups.

<p>Kaplan-Meier survival curve for the groups.</p

Flowchart of patients included in the study.

<p>ICU, intensive care unit; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; DNR, do not resuscitate; AKI, acute kidney injury; SCr, serum creatinine.</p

Baseline characteristics of patients according to serum creatinine changes.

<p>Baseline characteristics of patients according to serum creatinine changes.</p

Cox-regression analysis of factors associated with mortality in critically ill patients.

<p>Cox-regression analysis of factors associated with mortality in critically ill patients.</p

Metabolites displaying significant differences between <i>FTO</i> risk allele carriers and non-carriers.

<p>They show the differentiation of the population that is induced by these genetically determined metabotypes. Boxes extend from the first to third quartiles, the median is indicated as a horizontal line, and the number of individuals in each group is indicated (n). The <i>p</i> values are given in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0156612#pone.0156612.t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>.</p