Nutritional impact of Desmanthus as protein supplement on tropical beef cattle performance, methane emissions, rumen volatile fatty acids and plasma metabolite profiles in northern Australia

Bénédicte Suybeng investigated the effect of supplementing tropical beef cattle with Desmanthus on in vivo methane emissions and performance. She found that Desmanthus can maintain animal liveweight, health status and improve nitrogen utilisation without negatively affecting rumen fermentation and plasma metabolite profiles. However, on high-quality diets, Desmanthus did not reduce methane emissions. Meat & Livestock Australia is using the results of her study

Kidney segmentation in 4-dimensional dynamic contrast- enhanced MR images : A physiological approach

Master'sMASTER OF ENGINEERIN

Methane emissions and the use of Desmanthus in beef cattle production in Northern Australia

The Australian beef industry is a major contributor to the economy with an estimated annual revenue generation of over seven billion dollars. The tropical state of Queensland accounted for 48% of Australian beef and veal production in 2018. As the third biggest beef exporter in the world, Australia supplies 3% of the world’s beef exports and its agricultural sector accounts for an estimated 13.2% of its total greenhouse gas emissions. About 71% of total agricultural emissions are in the form of methane and nitrous oxide. In this review, an overview of the carbon footprint of the beef cattle production system in northern Australia is presented, with emphasis on the mitigation of greenhouse gases. The review also focuses on the tropical legume, Desmanthus, one of the more promising nutritional supplements for methane abatement and improvement of animal growth performance. Among the review’s findings is the need to select environmentally well-adapted and vigorous tropical legumes containing tannins that can persistently survive under the harsh northern Australian conditions for driving animal performance, improving meat quality and reducing methane emissions. The paper argues that the use of appropriate legumes such as Desmanthus, is a natural and preferred alternative to the use of chemicals for the abatement of methane emanating from tropical beef cattle production systems. It also highlights current gaps in knowledge and new research opportunities for in vivo studies on the impact of Desmanthus on methane emissions of supplemented tropical beef cattle

Plasma metabolites, productive performance and rumen volatile fatty acid profiles of Northern Australian Bos indicus steers supplemented with Desmanthus and lucerne

The hypothesis tested was that tropical steers supplemented with the Desmanthus legume and lucerne, a widely characterized temperate legume of high nutritive value, would elicit similar responses in plasma metabolite profiles, productive performance, nitrogen retention, and volatile fatty acids (VFA). The tannin-binding compound, polyethylene glycol-4000 (PEG), was added to the diets (160 g/kg Desmanthus dry matter) with the objective of further exploring nitrogen (N) utilization in the animals supplemented with Desmanthus relative to lucerne. From February to June 2020, sixteen yearling Brangus steers (average liveweight of 232 ± 6 kg) were fed a background diet of Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay for 28 days, before introducing three Desmanthus cultivars (Desmanthus virgatus cv. JCU2, D. bicornutus cv. JCU4, D. leptophyllus cv. JCU7) and lucerne (Medicago sativa) at 30% dry matter intake (DMI). Relative to the backgrounding period, all supplemented steers exhibited similar growth performance. Steers supplemented with Desmanthus recorded a lower DMI and animal growth performance, but higher fecal N concentration than animals supplemented with lucerne. Among the three Desmanthus cultivars, there were no significant differences in N concentrations, VFA, and plasma metabolite profiles. The addition of PEG induced higher rumen iso-acid concentrations and fecal N excretion. However, feeding Desmanthus spp. to tropical Bos indicus steers could be a valuable means of increasing N utilization, which is attributable to the presence of tannins, and, consequently, improve animal productive performance. Since supplementation with lucerne resulted in higher liveweight, daily liveweight gains, and overall animal performance than supplementing with Desmanthus, the tested hypothesis that both supplements will elicit similar animal performance does not hold and must be rejected. Further in vivo investigation is needed to better understand the impact of tannins in Desmanthus on N utilization

Response to climate change: evaluation of methane emissions in Northern Australian beef cattle on a high quality diet supplemented with Desmanthus using open-circuit respiration chambers and GreenFeed emission monitoring systems

Simple Summary The beef industry in Northern Australia is characterized by an extensive grazing system in dry tropical rangelands defined by climate change indices of very low rainfall, a prolonged dry season and feeds of low nutritive value. In response, beef cattle need to be more efficient in converting the available drought-tolerant feeds to muscle, in an attempt to minimize greenhouse gas emissions. This study addressed the problem of reducing methane emissions from tropical beef cattle with the goal of decreasing the impact of climate change and greenhouse gas emissions in Northern Australia. The primary objective was to compare the effect of supplementing tropical beef cattle with both good quality lucerne and poor quality hay with increasing levels of different Desmanthus cultivars on in vivo methane emission. The results showed that in tropical beef cattle on high-quality diets, irrespective of cultivar and emission evaluation method, Desmanthus does not reduce methane emissions. Abstract The main objective of this study was to compare the effect of supplementing beef cattle with Desmanthus virgatus cv. JCU2, D. bicornutus cv. JCU4, D. leptophyllus cv. JCU7 and lucerne on in vivo methane (CH4) emissions measured by open-circuit respiration chambers (OC) or the GreenFeed emission monitoring (GEM) system. Experiment 1 employed OC and utilized sixteen yearling Brangus steers fed a basal diet of Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay in four treatments—the three Desmanthus cultivars and lucerne (Medicago sativa) at 30% dry matter intake (DMI). Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was added to the diets to neutralize tannin binding and explore the effect on CH4 emissions. Experiment 2 employed GEM and utilized forty-eight animals allocated to four treatments including a basal diet of Rhodes grass hay plus the three Desmanthus cultivars in equal proportions at 0, 15, 30 and 45% DMI. Lucerne was added to equilibrate crude protein content in all treatments. Experiment 1 showed no difference in CH4 emissions between the Desmanthus cultivars, between Desmanthus and lucerne or between Desmanthus and the basal diet. Experiment 2 showed an increase in CH4 emissions in the three levels containing Desmanthus. It is concluded that on high-quality diets, Desmanthus does not reduce CH4 emissions

Facteurs bio-psycho-sociaux influençant la motivation des patients diabétiques de type 2 à adhérer aux changements du mode de vie (à propos d'une étude menée au sein du Réseau diabète-obésité métropole lilloise et du service de diabétologie du CHRU de Lille)

LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Identification implantaire en odontologie médico-légale

L implant dentaire est le traitement de premier choix pour le remplacement d une dent manquante. Le nombre de patients traités par implants dentaires accroit énormément et sa haute résistance aux dégradations fait de l implant dentaire un élément indispensable à l identification. L identification d un implant dentaire en odontologie médico-légale doit s effectuer dès lors qu un implant est retrouvé soit sur un corps à identifier, dans ce cas des examens radiologiques globaux doivent être réalisés, soit l implant est isolé, dans ce cas l analyse morphologique implant en main peut être effectuée directement. Des éléments d aide à l identification se sont développés depuis les travaux de Sewerin et Sahiwal et al. sur l identification des implants dentaires respectivement par radiographies et selon leur morphologie. Deux logiciels donnent accès à une base de données importante rassemblant les caractéristiques morphologiques de plusieurs centaines d implants. Ce sont What implant is that et IRS® (Implant Recognition System). Les critères morphologiques correspondant à l implant recherché peuvent être sélectionnés et une liste de candidats possibles est donnée. Un travail de recherche a également été réalisé dans le but de réunir les données et outils actuels aidant l identification implantaire afin de créer une base de données rassemblant 120 implants de 23 marques différentes. Cet outil se présente sous forme d un tableau Excel où chaque implant est détaillé selon ses caractéristiques morphologiques. Un ou plusieurs critères peuvent être sélectionnés afin d affiner les résultats de l implant recherché. La manipulation de ces outils d aide à l identification est complexe c est pourquoi ils nécessitent une connaissance sur la morphologie implantaire de la part de l odontologiste légal.LILLE2-UFR Odontologie (593502202) / SudocSudocFranceF

Supplementing Northern Australian beef cattle with Desmanthus tropical legume reduces in-vivo methane emissions

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementing beef cattle with incremental levels of Desmanthus leptophyllus cv. JCU1 and Desmanthus bicornutus cv. JCU4 on in vivo methane (CH4) emissions and the role of tannins in rumen fermentation. Fourteen yearling Droughtmaster steers were allocated to each of the two Desmanthus species and offered a basal diet of Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay plus fresh Desmanthus at 0%, 15%, 22%, and 31% of dry matter intake (DMI). The 15% and 31% Desmanthus periods lasted 21 days and the 22 and 0% Desmanthus periods, 14 days. Methane production was measured by open-circuit gas exchange in the last two days of each period. The results showed a linear increase in DMI and reduction in CH4 yield with the increasing level of Desmanthus and subsequently condensed tannins in the diet. The added tannin binder polyethylene glycol-4000 did not affect CH4 yield but increased rumen NH3-N and iso-acid concentrations. Therefore, on a low-quality diet, Desmanthus has the potential to increase intake and reduce CH4 emissions. Even though its tannins can bind rumen proteins, the beef cattle anti-methanogenic response to supplementation with Desmanthus may be a combination of rumen fermentation and tannin effects

Identification des implants dentaires en odontologie médico-légale

L’implantologie dentaire est une discipline qui connaît depuis les années 1990 une expansion conséquente. Néanmoins, il n’y a pas de marquage pour ces implants, à la différence d’autres comme les implants orthopédiques, et peu de documentation existe sur le thème de leur identification. Notre étude s’est intéressée à l’élaboration d’une méthodologie devant la découverte d’un implant, seul ou dans un corps, avec les radiographies retro-alvéolaires et panoramiques, avec ou sans dépose des maxillaires, et éventuellement « implant en main ». De par leur type et leur présence, nous avons alors découvert quelles informations étaient associées : état de santé du porteur de l’implant, statut social, âge de l’implant... Les moyens d’analyse de ces implants dentaires ont ensuite été présentés à travers l’analyse radiologique, et par les bases de données par les sites « what implant is that » et le système IRS (Implant Recognition System). Enfin, nous avons élaboré une étude de ces implants avec la réalisation de fiches identificatrices et un logiciel qui permet de sélectionner de 1 à 3 paramètres pour retrouver des candidats potentiels. Cette étude sur l’identification des implants dentaires met en évidence la difficulté de son analyse et semble confirmer la nécessité d’une formation en implantologie et en odontologie légale. Il faut éviter les erreurs et les approximations qui orienteraient mal les logiciels. L’explosion des types d’implants existants (et notamment le problème de copies) rend cette recherche ardue. Ainsi il est obligatoire de mettre à jour régulièrement et de compléter les bases de données existantes, ceci étant un travail complexe et fastidieux

Progardes Desmanthus: good for beef, good for the environment

The project “New pastures to increase livestock productivity across the north” is a four year project with a focus on the pasture legume Progardes® Desmanthus. The project explores: methodologies of legume establishment in grass pastures; the antimethanogenic properties of Desmanthus; botanical composition; soil sciences; and pasture nutritive value as related to beef production and meat sciences. Northern Australia has a substantial beef industry based predominantly on poor quality native grass pasture in a semiarid tropical environment with highly variable rainfall. This region also has very extensive areas of Vertosol soils with few, if any, well adapted sown pasture legumes. Progardes® (a blend of selected Desmanthus cultivars) has shown potential in these environments. The introduction of an adapted, high quality, grazing tolerant legume will bring livestock productivity and environmental gains to the region. Early results indicate establishment success of Progardes® has varied depending on establishment method, grass competition and rainfall; Two cultivars have reduced methane production by 10% compared to Rhodes grass in metabolic chambers; the role of tannins in the antimethanogenic properties of Desmanthus is under evaluation; a number of new accessions of Desmanthus show agronomic promise; grazing of commercial paired paddocks with and without Progardes has commenced with steer live weight gains at one site being an additional 0.173kg/hd/day live weight gain with the legume, compared to the grass only pasture; botanical composition via the BOTANAL methodology shows the paddocks contain 8 to 12% Progardes® by weight in the legume paddocks. Preliminary plant nutrition omissions trials indicate Progardes is responsive to P fertilisation on soils containing <9 mg of bicarbonate-extractable P/kg, with Zn, S and Fe supplementation also benefitting growth on some high-pH soils