Effect of Heat Starvation Stress on Physiological Immunity and Metabolism of <i>Mizuhopecten yessoensis</i>

Mizuhopecten yessoensis is an economical maricultural bivalve mollusk in China and Japan. Due to the high mortality rate, academics have paid more attention to the effects of the environment recently. However, little is known about the physiological, immune, and metabolic effects of M. yessoensis under starvation stress at high temperatures. Herein, transcriptomic libraries of hemolymph and striated adductor muscle from feeding and starved M. yessoensis were constructed. The results showed that the immune indexes decreased in the concentration of M. yessoensis blood cells and liver lysozyme activity at 15 d, M. yessoensis fertility and liver ACP at 30 d of starvation stress, and T-AOC and BCA at 45 d of starvation stress. A total of 853.85 M clean reads were obtained from 20 libraries, with an average total mapping ratio of 83.38% to the reference genome. Based on an examination of the genes that differ in expression between the fasted and feeding groups, 27 up- and 41 down-regulated DEGs were identified in hemolymph, while the numbers in striated adductor muscle were 426 up- and 255 down-regulated. Determined by GO annotation and KEGG pathway mapping, annotations and categories of the DEGs presented diverse biological functions and processes. KEGG analysis showed that most downregulated DEGs in striated muscle were enriched in the pathways involved in metabolism. Genes encoding the enzymes, including eno, pgk, gapA, tpiA, fbp, pgi, and pgm in the gluconeogenesis pathway, were down-regulated, which was indicative of the negative effect of long-term starvation on gluconeogenesis. The down-regulation of PGD and tktA genes in the pentose phosphate pathway suggested that the carbohydrate decomposition and utilization were decreased in starved scallops. Together, the findings demonstrated the influences of food deprivation on carbohydrate metabolism and other processes in M. yessoensis. These results provide foundational information for further understanding of metabolism, especially carbohydrate metabolism of scallops under starvation, which may potentially benefit healthy aquaculture

Feeding Selectivity of Ruditapes philippinarum on Phytoplankton

A monthly survey of the feeding selectivity of Ruditapes philippinarum in the Yalu River Estuary in 2020&ndash;2021 was conducted using high-throughput sequencing identification and visual grading technology. The results showed that the most-dominant species in the water of the shellfish culture area and in the stomachs of R. philippinarum was Karlodinium veneficum in those years. The selectivity index (E) indicated that R. philippinarum avoided consuming Bacillariophyta, Chrysophyta and Cryptophyta throughout the year and preferentially consumed Dinophyta and Chlorophyta. In 2020, the annual average biomass of Dinophyta, Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Dictyochophyta, Cryptophyta and Chrysophyta in the stomach contents of R. philippinarum was 54:14:16:1:10:4; it was 41:12:28:0:1:17 in 2021. The annual average biomass ratio of picophytoplankton, nanophytoplankton and microphytoplankton in the stomachs of R. philippinarum was 13:48:39 in 2020; it was 14:66:20 in 2021. R. philippinarum actively fed on nanophytoplankton and avoided picophytoplankton. Among the phytoplankton of different sizes and groups that R. philippinarum prefer to feed, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and organic phosphorus (DOP) have a significant negative effect on the nanophytoplankton community, pH has a positive effect on the Dictyochophyta community and COD and the inorganic nitrogen to phosphorus ratio (DI-N/P) have a significant positive effect on the Chlorophyta community

Feeding Selectivity of <i>Ruditapes philippinarum</i> on Phytoplankton

A monthly survey of the feeding selectivity of Ruditapes philippinarum in the Yalu River Estuary in 2020–2021 was conducted using high-throughput sequencing identification and visual grading technology. The results showed that the most-dominant species in the water of the shellfish culture area and in the stomachs of R. philippinarum was Karlodinium veneficum in those years. The selectivity index (E) indicated that R. philippinarum avoided consuming Bacillariophyta, Chrysophyta and Cryptophyta throughout the year and preferentially consumed Dinophyta and Chlorophyta. In 2020, the annual average biomass of Dinophyta, Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Dictyochophyta, Cryptophyta and Chrysophyta in the stomach contents of R. philippinarum was 54:14:16:1:10:4; it was 41:12:28:0:1:17 in 2021. The annual average biomass ratio of picophytoplankton, nanophytoplankton and microphytoplankton in the stomachs of R. philippinarum was 13:48:39 in 2020; it was 14:66:20 in 2021. R. philippinarum actively fed on nanophytoplankton and avoided picophytoplankton. Among the phytoplankton of different sizes and groups that R. philippinarum prefer to feed, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and organic phosphorus (DOP) have a significant negative effect on the nanophytoplankton community, pH has a positive effect on the Dictyochophyta community and COD and the inorganic nitrogen to phosphorus ratio (DI-N/P) have a significant positive effect on the Chlorophyta community

Image1_Prevalence and outcomes of atrial fibrillation in patients suffering prostate cancer: a national analysis in the United States.tif

PurposeAlthough the adverse effects of atrial fibrillation (AF) on cancers have been well reported, the relationship between the AF and the adverse outcomes in prostate cancer (PC) remains inconclusive. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of AF and evaluate the relationship between AF and clinical outcomes in PC patients.MethodsPatients diagnosed with PC between 2008 and 2017 were identified from the National Inpatient Sample database. The trends in AF prevalence were compared among PC patients and their subgroups. Multivariable regression models were used to assess the associations between AF and in-hospital mortality, length of hospital stay, total cost, and other clinical outcomes.Results256,239 PC hospitalizations were identified; 41,356 (83.8%) had no AF and 214,883 (16.2%) had AF. AF prevalence increased from 14.0% in 2008 to 20.1% in 2017 (P ConclusionsThe prevalence of AF among inpatients with PC increased from 2008 to 2017. AF was associated with poor prognosis and higher health resource utilization. Better management strategies for patients with comorbid PC and AF, particularly in older individuals, are required.</p

Table4_Prevalence and outcomes of atrial fibrillation in patients suffering prostate cancer: a national analysis in the United States.docx

PurposeAlthough the adverse effects of atrial fibrillation (AF) on cancers have been well reported, the relationship between the AF and the adverse outcomes in prostate cancer (PC) remains inconclusive. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of AF and evaluate the relationship between AF and clinical outcomes in PC patients.MethodsPatients diagnosed with PC between 2008 and 2017 were identified from the National Inpatient Sample database. The trends in AF prevalence were compared among PC patients and their subgroups. Multivariable regression models were used to assess the associations between AF and in-hospital mortality, length of hospital stay, total cost, and other clinical outcomes.Results256,239 PC hospitalizations were identified; 41,356 (83.8%) had no AF and 214,883 (16.2%) had AF. AF prevalence increased from 14.0% in 2008 to 20.1% in 2017 (P ConclusionsThe prevalence of AF among inpatients with PC increased from 2008 to 2017. AF was associated with poor prognosis and higher health resource utilization. Better management strategies for patients with comorbid PC and AF, particularly in older individuals, are required.</p

Table1_Prevalence and outcomes of atrial fibrillation in patients suffering prostate cancer: a national analysis in the United States.docx

PurposeAlthough the adverse effects of atrial fibrillation (AF) on cancers have been well reported, the relationship between the AF and the adverse outcomes in prostate cancer (PC) remains inconclusive. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of AF and evaluate the relationship between AF and clinical outcomes in PC patients.MethodsPatients diagnosed with PC between 2008 and 2017 were identified from the National Inpatient Sample database. The trends in AF prevalence were compared among PC patients and their subgroups. Multivariable regression models were used to assess the associations between AF and in-hospital mortality, length of hospital stay, total cost, and other clinical outcomes.Results256,239 PC hospitalizations were identified; 41,356 (83.8%) had no AF and 214,883 (16.2%) had AF. AF prevalence increased from 14.0% in 2008 to 20.1% in 2017 (P ConclusionsThe prevalence of AF among inpatients with PC increased from 2008 to 2017. AF was associated with poor prognosis and higher health resource utilization. Better management strategies for patients with comorbid PC and AF, particularly in older individuals, are required.</p

Table5_Prevalence and outcomes of atrial fibrillation in patients suffering prostate cancer: a national analysis in the United States.docx

PurposeAlthough the adverse effects of atrial fibrillation (AF) on cancers have been well reported, the relationship between the AF and the adverse outcomes in prostate cancer (PC) remains inconclusive. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of AF and evaluate the relationship between AF and clinical outcomes in PC patients.MethodsPatients diagnosed with PC between 2008 and 2017 were identified from the National Inpatient Sample database. The trends in AF prevalence were compared among PC patients and their subgroups. Multivariable regression models were used to assess the associations between AF and in-hospital mortality, length of hospital stay, total cost, and other clinical outcomes.Results256,239 PC hospitalizations were identified; 41,356 (83.8%) had no AF and 214,883 (16.2%) had AF. AF prevalence increased from 14.0% in 2008 to 20.1% in 2017 (P ConclusionsThe prevalence of AF among inpatients with PC increased from 2008 to 2017. AF was associated with poor prognosis and higher health resource utilization. Better management strategies for patients with comorbid PC and AF, particularly in older individuals, are required.</p