Vitamin D deficiency and tension-type headaches in children - literature review

Introduction Tension-type headache (TTH) is perceived as bilateral pressure, tension or non-pulsatile mild to moderate headache. The etiopathogenesis of the occurrence of this phenomenon among children has been extrapolated from adult studies. The purpose of this review was to show the association between tension-type headaches and vitamin D deficiency in children based on available literature. Materials and methods Systematic review based on the content of PubMed, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar databases was performed. In order to identify relevant publications, a search was performed using a combination of key words: "children", "tension-type headache", "vitamin D", "25 (OH) D". Three studies have been included in our review. Results Considering the value of the evidence and the results in peer-reviewed publications, we conclude that there is too little evidence to support the hypothesis that there is a connection between tension-type pains and vitamin D deficiency in children. Conclusions Due to the small amount of available literature, research on the effects of vitamin D deficiency on tension-type headaches in children should be continued on a larger scale. Based on the above analysis, we find that there is too little evidence to support the hypothesis that the level of vitamin D affects the development of tension-type headaches in children

Comparison of resting masticatory muscle activity among women of different ages

Background: Surface electromyography is one of the test methods allowing to evaluate the bioelectric activity of muscles using the excitability of some tissues. One of the components of the electromyographic study is the recording of resting muscle activity, referred to as passive skeletal muscle tension. The main function of resting tension is to maintain posture with minimal energy costs. The aim of this study was to compare resting masticatory muscle activity between women of different ages. Materials and methods: 75 women were invited to the study, 27 women were admitted after applying the exclusion criteria (average age 22 years ± 2 years). Qualified women were divided into three groups depending on their age: 1st group - 20-year-olds, the 2nd group - twenty-two-year-olds and 3rd group - twenty-four-year-olds. The study involved an 8-channel BioEMG IIITM surface electromyography apparatus with BioPak Measurement System (BioResearch Associates, Inc. Milwaukee, WI, USA). The surface electrodes were distributed bilaterally to the muscle fibre direction of temporal and masseter muscles. The nonparametric U Mann-Whitney test was used for statistical calculations. Statistical significance was determined at 5%. Results: An increase in the resting activity of temporal muscle and a decrease in the resting activity of masseter muscles depending on age were observed. Differences in resting activity were not statistically significant p> 0.05. Conclusions: The results suggest that there are no significant relationships between age and masticatory muscle activity among healthy young women. However, due to the small research group, we recommend further research in this direction

The impact of nutritional status on the incidence of back pain in school-aged children - a study using the Cole’s index

Introduction: Disorders of nutritional status have a significant impact on the dysfunction of many body systems. Emerging evidence suggests that abnormal nutritional status has a significant impact on the occurrence of bone degeneration, joint damage and it leads to an increased occurrence of back pain. According to WHO, 36% of boys and 23% of girls among Polish teenagers are overweight. In contrast, protein-energy malnutrition may affect up to 13% of children. The aim of the study: Anthropometric assessment of nutritional status and its impact on the frequency of back pain in school-age children. Methods and materials: 241 people applied for the study (female = 141, male = 100) aged 10 to 17 years (average age=14 years ± 3 years). The examined people did not suffer from any chronic diseases, they were in general good health. Interviews have focused on the occurrence of back pain in the last 3 months and at the time of the study. During the physical examination, anthropometric measurements (body weight and height) were made. On their basis, the BMIs were calculated, which were compared to the 50th percentile (OLA, OLAF centiles) giving the Cole index. The Shapiro-Wilk tests, t-Student test, and U Mann - Whitney tests were used for statistical calculations. Results: The incidence of pain in the presence of abnormal nutritional status is by 15.38 percentage points higher than in examined persons without abnormal nutritional status. However, the frequency of the absence of pain is by 8.94 percentage points lower in people with normal body mass. Nevertheless, no statistically significant differences were observed at the significance level of 0.05. Conclusions: Based on statistical research, it seems that the abnormal nutritional status in school-aged children does not affect the increased incidence of back pain in this period. To confirm this observation, further research into a larger and more homogeneous group of subjects is recommended

The influence of sport climbing on depression and anxiety levels - literature review

Introduction: Depression, as one of the most common psychological disorders, which is characterized by anxiety problems, lack of energy, feeling of worthlessness or self-esteem problems affects from 5 to 17% of the population. Despite the fact that it is such a vast problem, standard methods of treatment are usually unsatisfactory and relatively not universally accessible. For these reasons, it is crucial that some alternatives to traditional methods of depression treating, such as physical activity should be pursued. Methods and materials: The main study material of our research consisted of publications, which were found in PubMed, ResearchGate and Google Scholar databases. The first stage of the research was to find publications from the last 5 years and review the mentioned titles. The second stage was to conduct an overview of the abstracts as well as entire texts. Based on these criteria, four publications have been qualified for the study. Results: The overview of the literature indicates that despite the differences in methodology, size and age of the study groups, some comparable conclusions when it comes to the effectiveness of practicing climbing on the process of regulating emotions can be drawn. What is more, practicing climbing can benefit depression treatment by controlling the feeling of fear and anxiety, which may also occur during depression. Conclusions: The research suggests that sport climbing can positively influence the reduction of the depression and anxiety levels as well as maintain emotional stability. Further research should be carried out on the question of whether it is sport climbing as a particular sport that influences the reduction of depression and anxiety levels, or is any other form of physical activity equally influential when it comes the reduction of these disorders

Influence of the quality of sleep on the masticatory muscle activity - a pilot study

Introduction: Modern literature indicates an uptrend in the occurrence of sleep disorders. Currently, about 30-40% of adults are suffering from sleep disorders, which makes them one of the most common health problems of the population. The aim of the study: The determination of the quality of sleep on the muscle tension of the masticatory apparatus. Methods and materials: 27 adults volunteered to take part in the study. After the application of the exclusion criteria, 12 women (with an average age of 23 ± 1 year) have qualified. They were subsequently divided into two equal groups, in accordance with the guidelines of the Pittsburgh questionnaire: six women with a below 6 point result - high quality of sleep and six women with an over 6 point result (or higher) - low quality of sleep. Electromyographic activity of the anterior temporalis (TA) and masseter muscle (MM) was evaluated in resting mandibular position. Based on the electromyographic results, the values of the asymmetry indexes of the muscles of the masticatory apparatus muscles were calculated. The U Mann-Whitney test has been used for the statistical analysis, with the significance level of 0,05. Results: There were no significant differences in resting activity of the anterior temporalis, masseter muscles and the asymmetry index of the anterior temporalis between groups (p>0,05). There was the significant difference in the asymmetry index of masseter muscles between groups (

Determination of the influence of motor habit in the form of wearing a bag on the formation and persistence of pain complaints of the injured glenohumeral joint

INTRODUCTION Pain within the glenohumeral joint is characterized as a limitation and pain when performing shoulder joint movements. Considering that this ailment is found in about 20-33% of the population, it seems to be important to investigate the factors that cause these symptoms. One of the reasons for the formation of pain syndrome may be an incorrect posture and overloading within the glenohumeral joint resulting from the habit of carrying the bag on one arm. AIM OF STUDY The aim of this study was to determine whether the motor habit in the form of wearing a bag is associated with the formation and maintenance of pain within the weighted shoulder joint. MATERIALS AND METHODS Applying the exclusion criteria, 126 women were qualified for the study (mean age 26 years ± 6 years). In order to determine the intensity of pain, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used. The surveyed women were asked to determine the time of occurrence of the length of pain and to provide anthropometric data such as weight and height. The following were used for statistical analysis: the Shapiro-Wilk test and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (with the Lillierfors amendment). Differences were considered statistically significant if the test probability level was lower than the assumed level of significance (

The relationship between masticatory muscles activity and tinnitus – preliminary study

Background. Structures of temporomandibular joints and ear have a common phylogenetic origin. Muscular imbalance in the area of masticatory muscles may lead to tinnitus. Objectives. A comparison of muscular tension and masticatory muscles asymmetry between women with tinnitus and without tinnitus. Material and methods. From a group of 96 examined responders, we found 32 women (aged 22 ± 2 years) who exhibited no temporomandibular joint disorders and who had not been treated otolaryngologically. The examined women were then placed within two groups: with tinnitus (16 people) and without tinnitus (16 people). Next, we examined the muscular activity in the temporomandibular muscles by way of sEMG at rest, when the teeth were clenched and when the mouth is opened maximally. To assess muscular asymmetry, the asymmetry index was used. Results. Despite the lower bioelectrical muscular tension of masticatory muscles at rest and during the examined functions in people with tinnitus, the results were not important statistically (p > 0.05). However, we observed crucial statistical differences in masseter muscle asymmetry in people with tinnitus when clenching teeth (p = 0.042), and in the number of people with muscle asymmetry in the area of the masticatory muscles at rest (p = 0.012) and when teeth are clenched (p = 0.013), in comparison to a healthy group. Conclusions. There is a relationship between changes in the asymmetry index of the masticatory muscles and the occurrence of tinnitus. In order to confirm the results, we recommend further examination in this area and longer observation time

Sleep bruxism risk factors in children: a literature review

Introduction: Bruxism is defined as a repetitive jaw and muscle activity involving teeth clenching and/or grinding which may occur during everyday activities or during sleep. The aetiology of bruxism includes three groups of causes: psychosocial, personal and pathophysiological factors. Currently, there is no effective method of treatment to completely eliminate the problem of bruxism. Teeth protection and pain reduction methods are used. Bruxism-associated pain is found in approximately 47.6% of children aged 3–6 years. The aim of the present study was to establish sleep bruxism risk factors in children based on a literature review. Material and methods: The material for review included articles from the PubMed, ResearchGate and Google Scholar databases. In order to identify suitable publications the search was conducted using combinations of the following keywords: “bruxism,” “child,” “teeth grinding” (according to Medical Subject Headings, MeSH). This review includes 12 publication regarding sleep bruxism risk factors in children. Results: The association between bruxism and respiratory disorders and that between bruxism and sleep problems were described by three studies each. Stress as a predisposing factor was noted in four articles and parental divorce in two papers. Conclusions: 1) Respiratory disorders during sleep, sleep disorders and stressful situations, particularly parents’ divorce, contribute to sleep bruxism in children. 2) The impact of the remaining factors discussed in this paper on the development of sleep bruxism requires further research.Wstęp: Bruksizm jest definiowany jako powtarzalna czynność szczękowo-mięśniowa, przejawiająca się zaciskaniem i/lub zgrzytaniem zębów, która może wystąpić podczas codziennych aktywności lub w czasie snu. W etiologii bruksizmu można wyodrębnić trzy grupy jego przyczyn: czynniki psychospołeczne, czynniki osobowe i czynniki patofizjologiczne. Obecnie brak jest skutecznej metody leczenia, która zupełnie eliminowałaby problem bruksizmu. Stosuje się metody chroniące zęby oraz zmniejszające dolegliwości bólowe występujące w przebiegu tego zaburzenia, które jest stwierdzane u około 47,6% dzieci w wieku 3–6 lat. Celem badań autorów niniejszej pracy było ustalenie na podstawie przeglądu literatury czynników ryzyka bruksizmu występującego w czasie snu u dzieci. Materiał i metody: Materiał do przeglądu stanowiły artykuły z baz PubMed, ResearchGate i Google Scholar. W celu identyfikacji odpowiednich publikacji wyszukiwanie zostało przeprowadzone przy użyciu kombinacji słów kluczy: bruxism, child, teeth grinding (według Medical Subject Headings, MeSH). W niniejszym przeglądzie uwzględniono 12 publikacji dotyczących czynników ryzyka bruksizmu w czasie snu u dzieci. Wyniki: Związek między występowaniem bruksizmu a trudnościami z oddychaniem w trakcie snu, jak również problemami ze snem opisały po trzy prace. Stres jako czynnik predysponujący został dostrzeżony w czterech artykułach, a rozwód rodziców dziecka – w kolejnych dwóch. Wnioski: 1) Zaburzenia oddychania w trakcie snu, zaburzenia snu oraz sytuacje stresowe, w szczególności rozwód rodziców, przyczyniają się do występowania bruksizmu sennego u dzieci. 2) Wpływ pozostałych czynników omawianych w niniejszej pracy na rozwój bruksizmu w czasie snu wymaga dalszych badań