キンセンイ ソセイ ノ イデンセイ ニツイテノ ケントウ

スポーツパフォーマンスは様々な要因により決定されるが,筋線維組成はその一つであるとされている(Gollnick et al. 1972).筋線維組成はトレーニングなどの環境要因では大きく変化しないため遺伝的影響が強く働いている ...筑波大学博士 (体育科学) 学位論文・平成11年3月25日授与 (甲第2191号)標題紙、目次 -- １章　緒言 -- ２章　文献研究 -- ３章　研究の目的および研究課題 -- ４章　選択交配法による筋線維組成の親から子への遺伝性についての検討（実験I） -- ５章　腓腹筋外側頭深層部の％typeII線維が高いラットの他の筋の筋線維組成（実験II） -- ６章　先天的な筋線維組成の差は発育の過程で生じているのか？（実験III） -- ７章　自発的活動量と先天的な筋線維組成の差の関係（実験IV） -- ８章　先天的な筋線維組成の差と血中甲状腺ホルモン濃度との関連性（実験V） -- ９章　先天的な筋線維組成の差と神経性の因子の関係（実験VI） -- １０章　討論 -- １１章　総括 -- 謝辞 -- 文

Optimal Intravascular Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Multivessel Disease

BACKGROUND: Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was only rarely used in landmark trials comparing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with multivessel disease. OBJECTIVES: The authors aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes after optimal IVUS-guided PCI in patients undergoing multivessel PCI. METHODS: The OPTIVUS (OPTimal IntraVascular UltraSound)-Complex PCI study multivessel cohort was a prospective multicenter single-arm study enrolling 1, 021 patients undergoing multivessel PCI, including left anterior descending coronary artery using IVUS, aiming to meet the prespecified criteria (OPTIVUS criteria: minimum stent area > distal reference lumen area [stent length ≥28mm], and minimum stent area >0.8 × average reference lumen area [stent length <28mm]) for optimal stent expansion. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) (death/myocardial infarction/stroke/any coronary revascularization). The predefined performance goals were derived from the CREDO-Kyoto (Coronary REvascularization Demonstrating Outcome study in Kyoto) PCI/CABG registry cohort-2 fulfilling the inclusion criteria in this study. RESULTS: In this study, 40.1% of the patients met OPTIVUS criteria in all stented lesions. The cumulative 1-year incidence of the primary endpoint was 10.3% (95% CI: 8.4%-12.2%), which was significantly lower than the predefined PCI performance goal of 27.5% (P < 0.001), and which was numerically lower than the predefined CABG performance goal of 13.8%. The cumulative 1-year incidence of the primary endpoint was not significantly different regardless of meeting or not meeting OPTIVUS criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Contemporary PCI practice conducted in the OPTIVUS-Complex PCI study multivessel cohort was associated with a significantly lower MACCE rate than the predefined PCI performance goal, and with a numerically lower MACCE rate than the predefined CABG performance goal at 1 year

Relationships between Depression, Daily Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, and Daytime Sleepiness among Japanese University Students

In Japan and other developed countries, the lifestyles of many—particularly the younger generation—have been disrupted in recent years. This disruption may manifest as a decrease in physical activity and deterioration in the quality and quantity of sleep. Depressive tendencies are also increasing among university students. This study examined the relationship between mental health, physical activity, physical fitness, and daytime sleepiness. Eighty-five undergraduate students participated in this study (52 men and 33 women, aged 18.9 (±1.4) years). Physical activity levels were measured using an accelerometer (Lifecorder, Kenz, Nagoya, Japan) for two weeks. To evaluate their level of physical fitness, maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) was calculated by an indirect method using a cycle ergometer. Depressive tendencies and daytime sleepiness were evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The PHQ-9 score was positively correlated with sleepiness (r = 0.35, p = 0.001) and total steps per day (r = 0.39, p &lt; 0.001). Moreover, the PHQ-9 score was positively correlated with V˙O2max (r = 0.25, p = 0.019). The PHQ-9 score was higher in students with good exercise habits or part-time jobs. An important finding was the positive correlation between depression and variables related to physical activity levels. These results suggest that vigorous physical activity, such as exercise and part-time jobs, might be positively associated with depressive tendencies among university students

Effects of Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition on Fiber-Type Composition, Mitochondrial Biogenesis, and SIRT1 Expression in Rat Skeletal Muscle

It was hypothesized that nitric oxide synthases (NOS) regulated SIRT1 expression and lead to a corresponding changes of contractile and metabolic properties in skeletal muscle. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of long-term inhibition of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) on the fiber-type composition, metabolic regulators such as and silent information regulator of transcription 1 (SIRT1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and components of mitochondrial biogenesis in the soleus and plantaris muscles of rats. Rats were assigned to two groups: control and NOS inhibitor (Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME), ingested for 8 weeks in drinking water)-treated groups. The percentage of Type I fibers in the L-NAME group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the percentage of Type IIA fibers was concomitantly higher in soleus muscle. In plantaris muscle, muscle fiber composition was not altered by L-NAME treatment. L-NAME treatment decreased the cytochrome C protein expression and activity of mitochondrial oxidative enzymes in the plantaris muscle but not in soleus muscle. NOS inhibition reduced the SIRT1 protein expression level in both the soleus and plantaris muscles, whereas it did not affect the PGC-1α protein expression. L-NAME treatment also reduced the glucose transporter 4 protein expression in both muscles. These results suggest that NOS plays a role in maintaining SIRT1 protein expression, muscle fiber composition and components of mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle

Better Mental Health and Sleep under Behavioral Restrictions Due to COVID-19 in Japanese University Students: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global pandemic, which is not only a severe public health issue but also significantly impacts the physical activity, sleep habits, and mental health of university students. Thus, we examined the association between behavioral restrictions due to COVID-19 and sleep patterns and mental health in first-year Japanese university students. Four hundred and twenty-two students (253 males and 169 females; age, 18.7 ± 1.0 years) participated in our questionnaire study. Under the behavioral restrictions due to COVID-19, 193 students (127 males and 66 females) responded to the questionnaire online from home. The participants did not visit the university during the survey period. The data acquired the year before the COVID-19 pandemic (2018 and 2019) were used as control data (126 males and 103 females). The questionnaire consisted of four sections: (1) demographic and lifestyle variables, (2) the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, (3) the Japanese version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and (4) the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Our data revealed that self-restraint due to COVID-19 was associated with better sleep and mental health. In addition, mental health was independent of sleep, while sleep was related to mental health. These differences were more pronounced in male than in female students. This finding could be due to physical activity at night, part-time work, and long commuting times during the pre-pandemic period