Standard Index of Air Pollutant, Meteorology Factor and Acute Respiratory Infections Occurrence in Pekanbaru

This study aims to know the relationship between standard index of air pollutant and meteorology factor with acute respiratory infections occurrence in Pekanbaru city. This ecological study involved community with acute respiratory infections. There is a correlation between standard index of air pollutant and meteorology with acute respiratory infections occurrence statistically and graphically. Comparison of acute respiratory infections occurrences one month earlier, PM10 in the same month, SO2 one month before, CO in the same month, CO one month before, O3 one month before, NO2 in the same month, NO2 one month before, temperature in the same month, the previous month's moisture, the same month's wind velocity, moon radiation in the same month, and the same month of fire were the predictor variables that hadan effect on the incidence of acute respiratory infections. The pattern of events follows fluctuations and meteorology. PM10 in the same month, SO2 one month before, CO in the same month, CO one month before, O3 in the same month, NO2 in the same month, NO2 one month before, moisture one monthbefore, solar radiation on month the same has a positive relationship with the incidence of acute respiratory infections in the city of Pekanbaru. Pekanbaru health office needs to consider the quality and theoretology in the acute respiratory infections prevention program

Konsumsi Ikan Laut Kadar Mercury Dalam Rambut Dan Kesehatan Nelayan Di Pantai Kenjeran Surabaya (Sea Fish Consumption, Degree of Mercury Content in Hair, and Fisherman Health at Surabaya Kenjeran Beach, Indonesia)

Surabaya Kenjeran Beach, as a part of Eastern coastal area at East Java, functions as a sea recreation place and fishing. The condition of Surabaya Kenderan Beach is polluted by Hg as observed by previous researchers. They suggested that water, sediment, and fish from Kenjeran beach were already contaminated by Hg at dangerous level. Fisherman communities is one of the group which have a risk of getting affected by methyl Hg, because they usually consume fish from sea. This research is to study the relationship between consumption of sea fish and degree of Hg in fisherman's hair, to measure the average degree of Hg in their hair and then to compare it with limit value. It is also studying the health disorder that likely appears as a result of Hg poisoning. This research took place at Kenjeran district, Bulak sub district, Surabaya. The number of samples for group who affected by Hg are 70 persons and controlled group are 45 person. Respondent's hair (research subject) was taken and then observed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) No Flame. In conclusion, statically there is a significant relationship between the consumption of sea fish and the degree of Hg in hair. The average degree of Hg in the affected group's hair is higher than that of the controlled group. However, it does not exceed the limit value recommended by the National Research Council (NRC). Also, there is significant relations between degree of Hg in hair and healthy disorder sigh (subjective symptoms)

Komitmen Manajemen, Pengetahuan, Perilaku dalam K3 dan Kecelakaan Kerja Perawat di Rumah Sakit Swasta di YOGYAKARTA

Management commitment, occupational safety and health knowledge and behavior, and work accidents among nurses in a private hospital in YogyakartaPurposeThis study aimed to determine the relationship between management commitment, knowledge and behavior of occupational safety and health on nursing work accidents in RS PKU Muhammadiyah. MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 73 nurses as research subjects. Data were analyzed using simple and multiple linear regression tests. ResultsThere was a significant negative relationship between each variable of management commitment, safety and health knowledge, safety and health behavior, and occupational accidents. When analyzed collectively there was a strong relationship between management commitment, knowledge and behavior of occupational safety and health and occupational accidents. ConclusionThis study suggests that the management of PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta hospital can maintain the results achieved in the prevention of occupational accidents, increase supervision of hazard factors that may occur in the workplace, incorporate aspects of occupational safety and health in each Standard Operating Procedure, and post written rules of occupational safety and health in each work area. Management is recommended to provide health and safety training to nurses and socialization of occupational safety and health on a regular basis

Hubungan antara Tingkat Pengetahuan, Status Ekonomi dan Kebiasaan Merokok dengan Kejadian Tuberkulosis Paru pada Orang Dewasa di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tuan-tuan Kabupaten Ketapang Kalimantan Barat

Background: Lung tuberculosis still be the health public problem at developing countries whole the world. Indonesia occupies sequence to 3 in world in the tuberculosis case after Chinese and India. Lung tuberculosis is also one of health public problem in Kabupaten Ketapang especially in Puskesmas Tuan-Tuan region. Problem causing of lung tuberculosis disease in this Puskesmas Tuan-Tuan hardly multi factor like still low public economics social level, the height of smoking habit level and the lack of knowledge about lung tuberculosis. The aim of this research find out the relationship between knowledge level, economic status and smoking habit with lung tuberculosis case at adult in Puskesmas Tuan-Tuan Kabupaten Ketapang Kalimantan Barat region. Method: This research was observational research using cross sectional design. There was 84 respondent. Data analysis conduct by frequency distribution, bivariate analysis applies Chi Square and multivariate analysis with logistics regression. Result: Result of this research indicates that from the variable knowledge level, economic status and smoking habit show there are relationship with lung tuberculosis case at adult in Puskesmas Tuan-Tuan Ketapang region which are knowledge level (p=0,026; RR=1,857; CI: 1,062-3,446) and smoking habit (p=0,011; RR=2,407; CI: 1,118-5,186). From the result of multivariate analysis variable that is most dominant related lung tuberculosis case at adult in Puskesmas Tuan-Tuan Ketapang region is smoking habit with significant value 0,012. Conclusion: Statistically, there was relationship between knowledge level and smoking habit with lung tuberculosis case at adult in Puskesmas Tuan-Tuan Ketapang region. There is no relationship between economic status with lung tuberculosis case at adult in Puskesmas Tuan-Tuan Ketapang region. The most dominant variable that is related to lung tuberculosis case at adult in Puskesmas Tuan-Tuan Ketapang region is smoking habit

Are patient-centered care values as reflected in teaching scenarios really being taught when implemented by teaching faculty? A discourse analysis on an Indonesian medical school's curriculum

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>According to The Indonesian Medical Council, 2006, Indonesian competence-based medical curriculum should be oriented towards family medicine. We aimed to find out if the educational goal of patient-centered care within family medicine (comprehensive care and continuous care) were adequately transferred from the expected curriculum to implemented curriculum and teaching process.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Discourse analysis was done by 3 general practitioners of scenarios and learning objectives of an Indonesian undergraduate medical curriculum. The coders categorized those sentences into two groups: met or unmet the educational goal of patient-centered care.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Text analysis showed gaps in patient-centered care training between the scenarios and the learning objectives which were developed by both curriculum committee and the block planning groups and the way in which the material was taught. Most sentences in the scenarios were more relevant to patient-centered care while most sentences in the learning objectives were more inclined towards disease-perspectives.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>There is currently a discrepancy between expected patient-centered care values in the scenario and instructional materials that are being used.</p

Sanitation of House and School, Personal Hygiene and Infection of Soil Transmitted Helminths Among Elementary School Students

In Indonesia, soil transmitted helminths (STH) infection is still a public health problem particularly in the child of elementary school age. The high of that infection was also supported by low environmental sanitation and poor personal hygiene. STH infection is one of 10 great of frequent diseases in Palue Island and in this region still able can be found an adult worm in feces even from regurgitate. This was observational analytic study by cross sectional design. The location of the study was Palue Island, Sikka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. The repondents of the study was 100 students of eight elementary school. Diagnosis of STH infection was establised based on worm eggs examination in feces used floatation method. Questionnaire, and check list were the instruments for collecting data in this study. There were significant relationship between houses environmental sanitation (p=0.043), schools environmental sanitation (p= 0.000), personal hygiene (p = 0.032) with STH infection among the students of elementary school in Palue Island, Sikka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. Multivariate analysis obtained that personal hygiene was the most influence variable to the STH infection in this region

Pengaruh Kabut Asap pada Pneumonia Balita di Kota Pontianak

Smog effects on pneumonia in under-five children in Pontianak CityPurposeThe purpose of this study was to discover the influence of smoke haze on the incidence of pneumonia in under-five children in Pontianak.MethodsAn ecological study was conducted using time trend analysis, with correlation and multiple linear regression analysis on data of under-five children diagnosed with pneumonia following primary health care diagnosis meeting WHO criteria in Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (MTBS) in Pontianak from January 2010 to January 2014. ResultsThe study found that smoke haze had no direct effects on the incidence of pneumonia in under-five children in Pontianak. Instead, pneumonia in under-five children is influenced by seasons, while smoke haze is also affected by the season, especially during the dry season.ConclusionPneumonia disease in under-five children was influenced by seasons. In the dry season, NO2 content in the air undergoes photochemical reactions that increase O3 levels, while in the rainy season, pneumonia is affected by rainfall and wind velocity that causes air to become moist. The smoke haze generated by forest and land fires in the form of gases and particles has no direct effects on pneumonia in under-five children. Further research to decrease O3 levels in the air, especially in the dry season needs to be done. In addition, policies related to the reduction of hotspots in the dry season also need to be done by the government to minimize the risk factors of pneumonia events.Pneumonia disease in under-five children was influenced by seasons. In the dry season, NO2 content in the air undergoes photochemical reactions that increase O3 levels, while in the rainy season, pneumonia is affected by rainfall and wind velocity that causes air to become moist. The smoke haze generated by forest and land fires in the form of gases and particles has no direct effects on pneumonia in under-five children. Further research to decrease O3 levels in the air, especially in the dry season needs to be done. In addition, policies related to the reduction of hotspots in the dry season also need to be done by the government to minimize the risk factors of pneumonia events

Studi Metode Penambahan Perak Nitrat Pada Saringan Keramik Terhadap Escherichia Coli Pada Air Minum

Problematika air tercemar mikrobiologis di Yogyakarta berdasar hasil pemantauan rutin oleh Dinas Kesehatan Kota Yogyakarta pada tahun 2011 menunjukkan bahwa pada parameter mikrobiologis terdapat 596 (67%) sumber air bersih (sumur) penduduk belum memenuhi syarat sesuai Permenkes 492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010, demikian juga pada tahun 2010 dan 2009 masing masing 68,8% dan 63,2% dari sampel yang diperiksa, sedangkan untuk pemeriksaan terhadap air perpipaan (PDAM) pada tahun 2011 masih terdapat 8,9 % dari sampel yang tidak memenuhi syarat. Hal tersebut terjadi pada pemukiman padat penduduk yang disebabkan keterbatasan lahan sehingga jarak antara peresapan jamban dengan sumur penduduk kurang dari persyaratan. Penggunaan Filter Keramik sebagai pengolahan air pada tingkat rumah tangga telah banyak dipelajari dan diteliti Riset filter keramik dikembangkan untuk persiapan keadaan darurat bencana dan pemukiman padat penduduk. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tahun 2013-2014 dengan menggunakan rancangan analitik observasional, dengan pendekatan pre test-postest group design dengan analisis kuantitatif eksperimen dilaksanakan didalam laboratorium. Hasil menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan pada metode penambahan perak nitrat ke dalam saringan keramik, sehingga pengembangan saringan keramik lebih mudah dan sangat memungkinkan menjadi alternatif untuk penyediaan air bersih dan layak konsumsi terutama pada keadaan darurat kebencanaanProblems of microbiologically contaminated water in Yogyakarta based on the results of routine monitoring by the City Health Office Yogyakarta in 2011 showed that the microbiological parameters are 596 (67%) of clean water sources (wells) population is not eligible in accordance Permenkes 492 / Menkes / Per / IV / 2010 , as well as in 2010 and 2009, respectively 68.8% and 63.2% of the samples examined, while for the examination of water piped (PDAM) in 2011, there are 8.9% of the sample were not eligible. It occurs in a densely populated residential area due to limited so that the distance between the infiltration wells latrine with a population less than the requirement. Use of Ceramic Filter as water treatment at household level has been widely studied and researched Research ceramic filters developed for the preparation of emergency response and densely populated area. This study used observational analytic design, the pretest-posttest approach to group design with quantitative analysis experiments were carried out in the laboratory. The results showed no difference in the method of adding silver nitrate into the ceramic filters, so that the development of ceramic filters easier and it is possible to be an alternative to the provision of clean and potable water, especially in an emergency disaster