Effect of semen characteristics on pregnancy rate following intrauterine insemination

Objective : To assess the effects of semen characteristics on the success of intrauterine insemination (IUI). Design : A retrospective study. Settings : The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokushima University Hospital, Japan. Patients : Between 2004 and 2008, 1,177 IUI cycles in 283 couples were studied. Intervention : IUI cycles were preceded with ovarian stimulation. Main Outcome Measure : Clinical pregnancy. Result : A total of 82 clinical pregnancies were obtained (7.0% pregnancy rate per cycle, 28.9% per case). Their subsequent outcomes of pregnancies were 18 miscarriages (21.9%), 2 ectopic pregnancies (2.4%) and 60 live births (73.2%). Of the 82 clinical pregnancies, 2 were twin pregnancies (2.4%). There was no triple or higher order multiple pregnancies. At the end of the sixth cycle, 73 clinical pregnancies had been achieved (89.0%). After diagnostic laparoscopy, the pregnancy rate per cycle for patients 35 years age was 18%, which is significantly higher than that of patients 35 years of age. Pregnancies occurred up to the fifth cycle after laparoscopy. The pregnancy rate (PR) per cycle was significantly higher in cases of sperm movement rates more than 30% (PR9.3%) and total motile sperm counts more than 10 106/ml (PR 8.2%). A study comparing the washed and unwashed cases did not reveal any differences. Conclusion : In male sub-fertility cases of sperm parameters as motility rates 30% and motile sperm concentration 10 106/ml, IUI could be a useful option for infertility treatment J. Med. Invest. 5

The marker of the World Creation and Community Creation : Indirectness in the Native American Origin Accounts

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Role of interleukin-25 in development of spontaneous arthritis in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist-deficient mice

Interleukin (IL)-25, which is a member of the IL-17 family of cytokines, induces production of such Th2 cytokines as IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and/or IL-13 by various types of cells, including Th2 cells, Th9 cells and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2). On the other hand, IL-25 can suppress Th1- and Th17-associated immune responses by enhancing Th2-type immune responses. Supporting this, IL-25 is known to suppress development of experimental autoimmune encephalitis, which is an IL-17-mediated autoimmune disease in mice. However, the role of IL-25 in development of IL-17-mediated arthritis is not fully understood. Therefore, we investigated this using IL-1 receptor antagonist-deficient (IL-1Ra-/-) mice, which spontaneously develop IL-17-dependent arthritis. However, development of spontaneous arthritis (incidence rate, disease severity, proliferation of synovial cells, infiltration of PMNs, and bone erosion in joints) and differentiation of Th17 cells in draining lymph nodes in IL-25-/- IL-1Ra-/- mice were similar to in control IL-25+/+ IL-1Ra-/- mice. These observations indicate that IL-25 does not exert any inhibitory and/or pathogenic effect on development of IL-17-mediated spontaneous arthritis in IL-1Ra-/- mice