7 research outputs found
Kinetic Limits of Graphite Anode for Fast-Charging Lithium-Ion Batteries
Highlights The microstructure of graphite upon rapid Li+ intercalation is a mixture of differently staging structures in the macroscopic and microscopic scales due to the incomplete and inhomogeneous intercalation reactions hindered by the sluggish reaction kinetics. The Li+ interface diffusion dominates the reaction kinetics at high rates in thin graphite electrode, while Li+ diffusion through the electrode cannot to be neglected for thick graphite electrode
Deciphering the Role of Fluoroethylene Carbonate towards Highly Reversible Sodium Metal Anodes
Sodium metal anodes (SMAs) suffer from extremely low reversibility (95% with conventional NaPF6 salt at a regular concentration (1.0âM). The peculiar role of FEC is firstly unraveled via its involvement into the solvation structure, where a threshold FEC concentration with a coordination number>1.2 is needed in guaranteeing high Na reversibility over the long-term. Specifically, by incorporating an average number of 1.2 FEC molecules into the primary Na+ solvation sheath, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels of such Na+-FEC solvates undergo further decrease, with spin electrons residing either on the O=CO(O) moiety of FEC or sharing between Na+ and its C=O bond, which ensures a prior FEC decomposition in passivating the Na surface against other carbonate molecules. Further, by adopting cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), we found that the Na filaments grow into substantially larger diameter from ~400ânm to >1âÎŒm with addition of FEC upon the threshold value. A highly crystalline and much thinner (~40ânm) solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) is consequently observed to uniformly wrap the Na surface, in contrast to the severely corroded Na as retrieved from the blank electrolyte. The potence of FEC is further demonstrated in a series of âcorrosive solventsâ such as ethyl acetate (EA), trimethyl phosphate (TMP), and acetonitrile (AN), enabling highly reversible SMAs in the otherwise unusable solvent systems
Localizedâdomains staging structure and evolution in lithiated graphite
Abstract Intercalation provides to the host materials a means for controlled variation of many physical/chemical properties and dominates the reactions in metalâion batteries. Of particular interest is the graphite intercalation compounds with intriguing staging structures, which however are still unclear, especially in their nanostructure and dynamic transition mechanism. Herein, the nature of the staging structure and evolution of the lithium (Li)âintercalated graphite was revealed by cryogenicâtransmission electron microscopy and other methods at the nanoscale. The intercalated Liâions distribute unevenly, generating local stress and dislocations in the graphitic structure. Each staging compound is found macroscopically ordered but microscopically inhomogeneous, exhibiting a localizedâdomains structural model. Our findings uncover the correlation between the longârange ordered structure and shortârange domains, refresh the insights on the staging structure and transition of Liâintercalated/deintercalated graphite, and provide effective ways to enhance the reaction kinetic in rechargeable batteries by defect engineering
Surface Engineering Strategy Enables 4.5 V Sulfide-Based All-Solid-State Batteries with High Cathode Loading and Long Cycle Life
Sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs)
with LiCoO2 (LCO) operating at high voltage (â„4.5
V vs Li+/Li) hold promise in realizing high energy density
while maintaining
safety. Here, we propose a solid electrolyte coating strategy to stabilize
the cathode electrolyte interface and demonstrate the benefit of lithium
difluoro(oxalate)borate (LiDFOB) as coating layer on the surface of
Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl) to improve the performance
of LCO at 4.5 V. 89.3% of initial discharge capacity can be retained
after 1500 cycles at 1C (1C = 150
mA gâ1). ASSLBs with high cathode loading (35.7
mg cmâ2) could deliver an areal capacity over 6
mAh cmâ2 (167 mAh gâ1) at 0.1C and keep 85% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 0.3C. The investigation of the improvement mechanism further
verifies that in situ decomposition of LiDFOB would build an (electro)chemomechanically
stable interface, which not only suppresses interfacial side reactions
but also buffers the cathode cracking