Training and Employment of People with Disabilities: Australia 2003

[Excerpt] Training and Employment of People with Disabilities: Australia 2003 is descriptive in nature. When the ILO commissioned the researchers for the Country Study Series, each was asked to follow the comprehensive research protocol appended to this document. The resulting report therefore includes country background information, statistics about people with disabilities and their organizations, a description of relevant legislation and policies and their official implementing structures, as well as the education, training and employment options available to people with disabilities. While few countries have all such information readily available, researchers were asked to note the existence or lack of specific data points and to report data when it did exist. Since the lack of information about people with disabilities contributes to their invisibility and social exclusion, the information itself is important. The protocol called for limited analysis and did not specifically ask for the researchers recommendations, however, researchers were asked to report on existing plans and recommendations of significant national stakeholders

Universal Level dynamics of Complex Systems

. We study the evolution of the distribution of eigenvalues of a $N\times N$ matrix subject to a random perturbation drawn from (i) a generalized Gaussian ensemble (ii) a non-Gaussian ensemble with a measure variable under the change of basis. It turns out that, in the case (i), a redefinition of the parameter governing the evolution leads to a Fokker-Planck equation similar to the one obtained when the perturbation is taken from a standard Gaussian ensemble (with invariant measure). This equivalence can therefore help us to obtain the correlations for various physically-significant cases modeled by generalized Gaussian ensembles by using the already known correlations for standard Gaussian ensembles. For large $N$-values, our results for both cases (i) and (ii) are similar to those obtained for Wigner-Dyson gas as well as for the perturbation taken from a standard Gaussian ensemble. This seems to suggest the independence of evolution, in thermodynamic limit, from the nature of perturbation involved as well as the initial conditions and therefore universality of dynamics of the eigenvalues of complex systems.Comment: 11 Pages, Latex Fil

Anomalies in Ward Identities for Three-Point Functions Revisited

A general calculational method is applied to investigate symmetry relations among divergent amplitudes in a free fermion model. A very traditional work on this subject is revisited. A systematic study of one, two and three point functions associated to scalar, pseudoscalar, vector and axial-vector densities is performed. The divergent content of the amplitudes are left in terms of five basic objects (external momentum independent). No specific assumptions about a regulator is adopted in the calculations. All ambiguities and symmetry violating terms are shown to be associated with only three combinations of the basic divergent objects. Our final results can be mapped in the corresponding Dimensional Regularization calculations (in cases where this technique could be applied) or in those of Gertsein and Jackiw which we will show in detail. The results emerging from our general approach allow us to extract, in a natural way, a set of reasonable conditions (e.g. crucial for QED consistency) that could lead us to obtain all Ward Identities satisfied. Consequently, we conclude that the traditional approach used to justify the famous triangular anomalies in perturbative calculations could be questionable. An alternative point of view, dismissed of ambiguities, which lead to a correct description of the associated phenomenology, is pointed out.Comment: 26 pages, Revtex, revised version, Refs. adde

Same Polytechnic College - Phase Zero

The Same Polytechnic College, located in Same (Sah-may), Tanzania, is an on-going project that has been worked on by approximately 600 Cal Poly students over the past decade. The college is being designed for the Mbesese Initiative for Sustainable Development (MISD), a nonprofit organization working towards alleviating poverty in rural East Africa through the expansion of access to education. As an interdisciplinary team of architectural engineering, architecture, and landscape architecture students, the master plan of the college was refined and the design of “Phase Zero” was created as the first step towards the organization’s goal

Non-conformal asymptotic behavior of the time-dependent field-field correlators of 1D anyons

The exact large time and distance behavior of the field-field correlators has been computed for one-dimensional impenetrable anyons at finite temperatures. The result reproduces known asymptotics for impenetrable bosons and free fermions in the appropriate limits of the statistics parameter. The obtained asymptotic behavior of the correlators is dominated by the singularity in the spectral density of the quasiparticle states at the bottom of the band, and differs from the predictions of the conformal field theory. One can argue, however, that the anyonic response to the low-energy probes is still determined by the conformal terms in the asymptotic expansion.Comment: 5 pages, RevTeX

From arbitrariness to ambiguities in the evaluation of perturbative physical amplitudes and their symmetry relations

A very general calculational strategy is applied to the evaluation of the divergent physical amplitudes which are typical of perturbative calculations. With this approach in the final results all the intrinsic arbitrariness of the calculations due to the divergent character is still present. We show that by using the symmetry properties as a guide to search for the (compulsory) choices in such a way as to avoid ambiguities, a deep and clear understanding of the role of regularization methods emerges. Requiring then an universal point of view for the problem, as allowed by our approach, very interesting conclusions can be stated about the possible justifications of most intriguing aspect of the perturbative calculations in quantum field theory: the triangle anomalies.Comment: 16 pages, no figure

The Source of Ionization along the Magellanic Stream

Since its discovery in 1996, the source of the bright H-alpha emission (up to 750 mR) along the Magellanic Stream has remained a mystery. There is no evidence of ionising stars within the HI stream, and the extended hot halo is far too tenuous to drive strong shocks into the clouds. We now present a hydrodynamical model that explains the known properties of the H-alpha emission and provides new insights on the lifetime of the Stream clouds. The upstream clouds are gradually disrupted due to their interaction with the hot halo gas. The clouds that follow plough into gas ablated from the upstream clouds, leading to shock ionisation at the leading edges of the downstream clouds. Since the following clouds also experience ablation, and weaker H-alpha (100-200 mR) is quite extensive, a disruptive cascade must be operating along much of the Stream. In our model, the clouds are evolving on timescales of 100-200 Myr, such that the Stream must be replenished by the Magellanic Clouds at a fairly constant rate. The ablated material falls onto the Galaxy as a warm drizzle which suggests that diffuse ionized gas at 10**4 K may be an important constituent of galactic accretion. The observed HI emission provides a new constraint on the rate of disruption of the Stream and, consequently, the infall rate of metal-poor gas onto the Galaxy. When the ionized component of the Stream is fully accounted for, the rate of gas accretion is 0.4 Msun/yr, roughly twice the rate deduced from HI observations alone.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures; high quality preprint and simulations available at http://www.aao.gov.au/astro/M

Local forcing mechanisms challenge parameterizations of ocean thermal forcing for Greenland tidewater glaciers

Frontal ablation has caused 32 %–66 % of Greenland Ice Sheet mass loss since 1972, and despite its importance in driving terminus change, ocean thermal forcing remains crudely incorporated into large-scale ice sheet models. In Greenland, local fjord-scale processes modify the magnitude of thermal forcing at the ice–ocean boundary but are too small scale to be resolved in current global climate models. For example, simulations used in the Ice Sheet Intercomparison Project for CMIP6 (ISMIP6) to predict future ice sheet change rely on the extrapolation of regional ocean water properties into fjords to drive terminus ablation. However, the accuracy of this approach has not previously been tested due to the scarcity of observations in Greenland fjords, as well as the inability of fjord-scale models to realistically incorporate icebergs. By employing the recently developed IceBerg package within the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm), we here evaluate the ability of ocean thermal forcing parameterizations to predict thermal forcing at tidewater glacier termini. This is accomplished through sensitivity experiments using a set of idealized Greenland fjords, each forced with equivalent ocean boundary conditions but with varying tidal amplitudes, subglacial discharge, iceberg coverage, and bathymetry. Our results indicate that the bathymetric obstruction of external water is the primary control on near-glacier thermal forcing, followed by iceberg submarine melting. Despite identical ocean boundary conditions, we find that the simulated fjord processes can modify grounding line thermal forcing by as much as 3 °C, the magnitude of which is largely controlled by the relative depth of bathymetric sills to the Polar Water–Atlantic Water thermocline. However, using a common adjustment for fjord bathymetry we can still predict grounding line thermal forcing within 0.2 °C in our simulations. Finally, we introduce new parameterizations that additionally account for iceberg-driven cooling that can accurately predict interior fjord thermal forcing profiles both in iceberg-laden simulations and in observations from Kangiata Sullua (Ilulissat Icefjord)