Exact Results of the 1D 1/r21/r^2 Supersymmetric t-J Model without Translational Invariance

In this work, we continue the study of the supersymmetric t-J model with 1/r^2 hopping and exchange without translational invariance. A set of Jastrow wavefunctions are obtained for the system, with eigenenergies explicitly calculated. The ground state of the t-J model is included in this set of wavefunctions. The spectrum of this t-J model consists of equal-distant energy levels which are highly degenerate.Comment: 14 pages, Late

Solutions to the Multi-Component 1/R Hubbard Model

In this work we introduce one dimensional multi-component Hubbard model of 1/r hopping and U on-site energy. The wavefunctions, the spectrum and the thermodynamics are studied for this model in the strong interaction limit $U=\infty$. In this limit, the system is a special example of $SU(N)$ Luttinger liquids, exhibiting spin-charge separation in the full Hilbert space. Speculations on the physical properties of the model at finite on-site energy are also discussed.Comment: 9 pages, revtex, Princeton-May1

The Power Spectrum of the PSC Redshift Survey

We measure the redshift-space power spectrum P(k) for the recently completed IRAS Point Source Catalogue (PSC) redshift survey, which contains 14500 galaxies over 84% of the sky with 60 micron flux >= 0.6 Jansky. Comparison with simulations shows that our estimated errors on P(k) are realistic, and that systematic errors due to the finite survey volume are small for wavenumbers k >~ 0.03 h Mpc^-1. At large scales our power spectrum is intermediate between those of the earlier QDOT and 1.2 Jansky surveys, but with considerably smaller error bars; it falls slightly more steeply to smaller scales. We have fitted families of CDM-like models using the Peacock-Dodds formula for non-linear evolution; the results are somewhat sensitive to the assumed small-scale velocity dispersion \sigma_V. Assuming a realistic \sigma_V \approx 300 km/s yields a shape parameter \Gamma ~ 0.25 and normalisation b \sigma_8 ~ 0.75; if \sigma_V is as high as 600 km/s then \Gamma = 0.5 is only marginally excluded. There is little evidence for any `preferred scale' in the power spectrum or non-Gaussian behaviour in the distribution of large-scale power.Comment: Latex, uses mn.sty, 14 pages including 11 Postscript figures. Accepted by MNRA

Onset of a boson mode at superconducting critical point of underdoped YBa2Cu3Oy

The thermal conductivity $\kappa$ of underdoped \Y was measured in the $T \to 0$ limit as a function of hole concentration $p$ across the superconducting critical point at $p_{SC}$ = 5.0%. ``Time doping'' was used to resolve the evolution of bosonic and fermionic contributions with high accuracy. For $p \leqslant p_{SC}$, we observe an additional $T^3$ contribution to $\kappa$ which we attribute to the boson excitations of a phase with long-range spin or charge order. Fermionic transport, manifest as a linear term in $\kappa$, is seen to persist unaltered through $p_{SC}$, showing that the state just below $p_{SC}$ is a thermal metal. In this state, the electrical resistivity varies as log$(1/T)$ and the Wiedemann-Franz law is violated

UV-light-driven prebiotic synthesis of iron–sulfur clusters

Iron–sulfur clusters are ancient cofactors that play a fundamental role in metabolism and may have impacted the prebiotic chemistry that led to life. However, it is unclear whether iron–sulfur clusters could have been synthesized on prebiotic Earth. Dissolved iron on early Earth was predominantly in the reduced ferrous state, but ferrous ions alone cannot form polynuclear iron–sulfur clusters. Similarly, free sulfide may not have been readily available. Here we show that UV light drives the synthesis of [2Fe–2S] and [4Fe–4S] clusters through the photooxidation of ferrous ions and the photolysis of organic thiols. Iron–sulfur clusters coordinate to and are stabilized by a wide range of cysteine-containing peptides and the assembly of iron–sulfur cluster-peptide complexes can take place within model protocells in a process that parallels extant pathways. Our experiments suggest that iron–sulfur clusters may have formed easily on early Earth, facilitating the emergence of an iron–sulfur-cluster-dependent metabolism

Discovery of Extreme Examples of Superclustering in Aquarius

We report the discovery of two highly extended filaments and one extremely high density knot within the region of Aquarius. The supercluster candidates were chosen via percolation analysis of the Abell and ACO catalogs and include only the richest clusters (R >= 1). The region examined is a 10x45 degree strip and is now 87% complete in cluster redshift measurements to mag_10 = 18.3. In all, we report 737 galaxy redshifts in 46 cluster fields. One of the superclusters, dubbed Aquarius, is comprised of 14 Abell/ACO clusters and extends 110h^-1Mpc in length only 7 degrees off the line-of-sight. On the near-end of the Aquarius filament, another supercluster, dubbed Aquarius-Cetus, extends for 75h^-1Mpc perpendicular to the line-of-sight. After fitting ellipsoids to both Aquarius and Aquarius-Cetus, we find axis ratios (long-to- midlength axis) of 4.3 for Aquarius and 3.0 for Aquarius-Cetus. We fit ellipsoids to all N>=5 clumps of clusters in the Abell/ACO measured-z cluster sample. The frequency of filaments with axis ratios >=3.0 (~20%) is nearly identical with that found among `superclusters' in Monte Carlo simulations of random and random- clumped clusters, however, so the rich Abell/ACO clusters have no particular tendency toward filamentation. The Aquarius filament also contains a `knot' of 6 clusters at Z ~0.11, with five of the clusters near enough togeteher to represent an apparent overdensity of 150. There are three other R >= 1 cluster density enhancements similar to this knot at lower redshifts: Corona Borealis, the Shapely Concentration, and another grouping of seven clusters in Microscopium. All four of these dense superclusters appear near the point of breaking away from the Hubble Flow, and some may now be in collapse, but there is little evidence of any being virialized.Comment: 45 pages (+ e-tables), 7 figures, AASTeX Accepted for Publication in Ap

Bunching Transitions on Vicinal Surfaces and Quantum N-mers

We study vicinal crystal surfaces with the terrace-step-kink model on a discrete lattice. Including both a short-ranged attractive interaction and a long-ranged repulsive interaction arising from elastic forces, we discover a series of phases in which steps coalesce into bunches of n steps each. The value of n varies with temperature and the ratio of short to long range interaction strengths. We propose that the bunch phases have been observed in very recent experiments on Si surfaces. Within the context of a mapping of the model to a system of bosons on a 1D lattice, the bunch phases appear as quantum n-mers.Comment: 5 pages, RevTex; to appear in Phys. Rev. Let

From arbitrariness to ambiguities in the evaluation of perturbative physical amplitudes and their symmetry relations

A very general calculational strategy is applied to the evaluation of the divergent physical amplitudes which are typical of perturbative calculations. With this approach in the final results all the intrinsic arbitrariness of the calculations due to the divergent character is still present. We show that by using the symmetry properties as a guide to search for the (compulsory) choices in such a way as to avoid ambiguities, a deep and clear understanding of the role of regularization methods emerges. Requiring then an universal point of view for the problem, as allowed by our approach, very interesting conclusions can be stated about the possible justifications of most intriguing aspect of the perturbative calculations in quantum field theory: the triangle anomalies.Comment: 16 pages, no figure

Wetting and energetics in nanoparticle etching of graphene

Molten metallic nanoparticles have recently been used to construct graphene nanostructures with crystallographic edges. The mechanism by which this happens, however, remains unclear. Here, we present a simple model that explains how a droplet can etch graphene. Two factors possibly contribute to this process: a difference between the equilibrium wettability of graphene and the substrate that supports it, or the large surface energy associated with the graphene edge. We calculate the etching velocities due to either of these factors and make testable predictions for evaluating the significance of each in graphene etching. This model is general and can be applied to other materials systems as well. As an example, we show how our model can be used to extend a current theory of droplet motion on binary semiconductor surfaces