A study of subject omission in the spoken language of Indonesian primary school children aged 6 to 12 in Jakarta

This study investigates the occurrence of subject omission in spoken Indonesian spoken as a first language by primary school children in grades one to six and aged between six and twelve years in Jakarta. It also investigates the developmental stages of subject omission, and the effects of age, gender and degree of formality on the occurrence of empty or null subjects. Since the acquisition of language is ongoing during the students\u27 primary schooling, this study also considers how null subjects in Indonesian may have an impact on learning and teaching at school. The omission of subjects occurs independent or matrix and in main clauses, and in coordinating and subordinating clauses in four types of sentences of basic, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences. Developmental stages in subject omission, the setting or with whom the students are speaking, age and gender have a statistically significant impact on omission of subjects especially in independent, matrix and in the main clauses. Age and gender have no impact on the omission of subjects in the coordinating clauses of the compound sentences, in the subordinating clauses of complex sentences, and in the coordinating and subordinating clauses of the compound-complex sentences. Clauses where subject omission occurs here include indeendent basic sentences, the first or matrix clause in a compound sentence, the main clause in a complex sentence, and in the first clause of coordinate or subordinate clause in a compound-complex sentence. The similarities in the omission of subjects are that students omit subjects more when they speak with the researcher than with their peers, except for coordinating clause subjects in the compound-complex sentences. Overall subject omission decreased in independent basic clauses, in the first or matrix clauses of compound sentences, and in the main clauses of complex sentences as the students become older. However, subject omission in the coordinating and subordinating clauses in the compound-complex sentences increases. The main focus of the present study is the omission of subjects in main clauses since in the formal adult written Indonesian there is no omission of the subject in this position. This fact may have an impact on learning and teaching in that there is a decrease in their omission of independent, matrix or main clause subjects as they become older and use more formal language in writing

Pendidikan Kesehatan tentang Personal Hygiene dan Pemeriksaan Kecacingan pada Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus di SLB Anugerah, Colomadu, Karanganyar

Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus (ABK) di SLB Anugerah, Colomadu, Karanganyar Jawa Tengah memiliki personal hygiene yang kurang berdasarkan survey yang dilakukan pada 21 ABK di SLB Anugerah, Colomadu. Dari hasil wawancara dengan guru, belum pernah ada pendidikan kesehatan tentang personal hygiene dan belum pernah ada pemeriksaan kecacingan pada ABK di SLB Anugerah, Colomadu, Karanganyar. Oleh karena itu perlu upaya memperbaikinya. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah melaksanakan salah satu komponen Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi yaitu pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Selain itu pengabdian ini juga bermanfaat untuk mencegah gangguan kesehatan umum siswa ABK di SLB Anugerah, Colomadu, Kabupaten Karanganyar. Metode pengabdian yaitu dengan pemeriksaan kesehatan mata, telinga, hidung, kulit, pengambilan sampel anal swab, memberi pemahaman dan contoh kepada tiap siswa setelah diperiksa tentang pemeliharaan kebersihan diri yang benar. Sasaran yang diperiksa berjumlah 21 orang. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan 21 siswa memiliki hasil negatif pada pemeriksaan kecacingan, 13 siswa (61,9%) memiliki serumen di telinga, 2 siswa (9,5%) tampak adanya hiperemis dan oedem pada hidung. Sementara untuk pemeriksaan lain sudah dalam kondisi baik. Hasil yang negatif pada pemeriksaan kecacingan, masih perlu dilanjutkan dengan pemeriksan sampel feses untuk mendeteksi jenis cacing lain yang tidak bisa dideteksi dengan anal swab dan juga ditambah dengan pengambilan sampel kuku karena pada sampel kuku bisa ditemukan adanya telur cacing

Relationship between Vitamin C and Length of Hospital Stay for Covid-19 Patients with Comorbidities

Covid-19 patients with comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes, and respiratory diseases, have a higher risk for severe disease and mortality compared to patients without comorbidities. Some data shows that the administration of high dose vitamin C (1–2 g/day) can reduce the amount of the inflammatory mediators and shorten the length of hospital stay. This study aimed to determine the relationship between vitamin C administration and of length of hospital stay for Covid-19 patients with comorbidities. This study was a retrospective observational study on  consecutively sampled medical record data of UNS Hospital patients from July 2020 to January 2021. A total of 78 patient medical records were included of this study. The inclusion criteria were all medical records of patients who suffered from Covid-19 with comorbidities admitted to the hospital while the exclusion criteria were medical records of patients who did not get oral or intravenous vitamin C. The chi-square bivariate test was used to determine the relationship between the administration of vitamin C and the length of hospital stay for Covid-19 patients with comorbidities. Of the 78 subjects only 52 subjects were included in the statistical analysis. Medical records were divided into two groups: group 1, that consisted of medical records of patient who received more than 1,000 mg Vitamin C, and group 2, who received less than 1,000 mg Vitamin C. Results demonstrated that the administration of high dose vitamin C of more than 1,000 mg was not associated with the length of hospital stay (p=0.677). Thus, high dose of vitamin C is not associated with the length of hospital stay for Covid-19 patients with comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes, and respiratory disease.

Pendidikan Kesehatan Tentang Personal Hygiene dan Pemeriksaan Kecacingan pada Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus di SLB Anugerah, Colomadu, Karanganyar

Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus (ABK) di SLB Anugerah, Colomadu, Karanganyar Jawa Tengah memiliki personal hygiene yang kurang berdasarkan survey yang dilakukan pada 21 ABK di SLB Anugerah, Colomadu. Dari hasil wawancara dengan guru, belum pernah ada pendidikan kesehatan tentang personal hygiene dan belum pernah ada pemeriksaan kecacingan pada ABK di SLB Anugerah, Colomadu, Karanganyar. Oleh karena itu perlu upaya memperbaikinya. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah melaksanakan salah satu komponen Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi yaitu pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Selain itu pengabdian ini juga bermanfaat untuk mencegah gangguan kesehatan umum siswa ABK di SLB Anugerah, Colomadu, Kabupaten Karanganyar. Metode pengabdian yaitu dengan pemeriksaan kesehatan mata, telinga, hidung, kulit, pengambilan sampel anal swab, memberi pemahaman dan contoh kepada tiap siswa setelah diperiksa tentang pemeliharaan kebersihan diri yang benar. Sasaran yang diperiksa berjumlah 21 orang. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan 21 siswa memiliki hasil negatif pada pemeriksaan kecacingan, 13 siswa (61,9%) memiliki serumen di telinga, 2 siswa (9,5%) tampak adanya hiperemis dan oedem pada hidung. Sementara untuk pemeriksaan lain sudah dalam kondisi baik. Hasil yang negatif pada pemeriksaan kecacingan, masih perlu dilanjutkan dengan pemeriksan sampel feses untuk mendeteksi jenis cacing lain yang tidak bisa dideteksi dengan anal swab dan juga ditambah dengan pengambilan sampel kuku karena pada sampel kuku bisa ditemukan adanya telur cacing