Testing T Invariance in the Interaction of Slow Neutrons with Aligned Nuclei

The study of five-fold (P even, T odd) correlation in the interaction of slow polarized neutrons with aligned nuclei is a possible way of testing the time reversal invariance due to the expected enhancement of T violating effects in compound resonances. Possible nuclear targets are discussed which can be aligned both dynamically as well as by the "brute force" method at low temperature. A statistical estimation is performed of the five-fold correlation for low lying p wave compound resonances of the $^{121}$Sb, $^{123}$Sb and $^{127}$I nuclei. It is shown that a significant improvement can be achieved for the bound on the intensity of the fundamental parity conserving time violating (PCTV) interaction.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figures, published versio

МЕХАНИЗМЫ ПРОТИВОИНФЕКЦИОННОЙ ФУНКЦИИ ВРОЖДЕННОГО ИММУНИТЕТА ПРИ ТРАНСПЛАНТАЦИИ: РОЛЬ TOLL-ПОДОБНЫХ РЕЦЕПТОРОВ

This review describes the main role of toll-like receptors of innate immunity for pathogen recognition; signaling; production of inflammatory response. Also Interrelation of innate and adaptive Immunity in conditions of pathology and organ transplantation were considered. В обзоре рассмотрены современные представления о механизмах противоинфекционной функции систе- мы врожденного иммунитета, основанные на ведущей роли Toll-подобных рецепторов (TLR) в распозна- вании патогенов, трансдукции сигнала и каскада молекулярных внутриклеточных процессов, включая реализацию воспалительной реакции и начальных этапов адаптивного ответа. Приведен анализ влия- ния дефектов взаимодействия TLR и патогенов на развитие патологических процессов в организме. Об- суждена ведущая роль TLR в формировании ответной реакции врожденного иммунитета на патоген и возможности ее контролирования в условиях индуцированной супрессии адаптивного иммунитета при трансплантации.

ОСНОВНЫЕ ЗАКОНОМЕРНОСТИ И ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЦИТОКИНОВОГО СТАТУСА ПРИ ИСКУССТВЕННОМ КРОВООБРАЩЕНИИ

The basic variants of cytokines reactions defining type of organ dysfunctions are revealed in the course of car- diopulmonary bypass and in the early postoperative period. Their character and expression, depends on gravity preoperative an immunodeficiency and initial degree of heart insufficiency. Diphasic dynamics of development of system inflammatory reaction is confirmed after cardiopulmonary bypass: increase of levels proinflammatory cytokines is in the first phase and anti-inflammatory cytokines with development immunodepression and cellular anergy in is the second phase. Also, key role IL-1Ra is revealed in restraint of hyperactivation of system inflam- matory reaction. Blood whey levels IL-6, IL-8, G-CSF, TNF-α and IL-1Ra should be defined to cardiopulmonary bypass, in 10–12 hours, 24 hours and 3 days after cardiopulmonary bypass and may be used as prognostic criteria of development of postoperative complications. В процессе искусственного кровообращения и в раннем послеоперационном периоде выявлены основ- ные варианты цитокиновых реакций, определяющих тип органных дисфункций, характер и выражен- ность которых зависят от тяжести дооперационного иммунодефицита и исходной степени сердечной не- достаточности. Подтверждена двухфазная динамика развития системной воспалительной реакции после искусственного кровообращения: повышение уровней провоспалительных цитокинов в первой фазе и сменой их на противовоспалительные цитокины с развитием иммунодепрессии и клеточной анергии во второй фазе, а также ключевая роль IL-1Ra в сдерживании гиперактивации системной воспалительной реакции. Сывороточные уровни IL-6, IL-8, G-CSF, TNF-α и IL-1Ra должны определяться до ИК, через 10–12 часов, 24 часа и 3 суток после ИК и могут быть использованы в качестве прогностических крите- риев развития послеоперационных осложнений.

ДЛИТЕЛЬНАЯ НОРМОТЕРМИЧЕСКАЯ КОНСЕРВАЦИЯ ЛИМБАЛЬНЫХ ТРАНСПЛАНТАТОВ КАК СПОСОБ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ КОЛИЧЕСТВА И АКТИВНОСТИ ММСК-ПОДОБНЫХ ЛИМБАЛЬНЫХ КЛЕТОК

The reliability increase of corneal transplants engraftment may be achieved by combined transplantation with preserved limbal grafts (LG). We studied two methods of LG preservation: normothermal preservation in Borzenok–Moroz medium or standard culture medium for 35 days and cryopreservation at –80 °C in Borzenok– Moroz medium with/without DMSO addition for 1 month. We found that long-term normothermal preservation (for 28 days) and cryopreservation maintain LG cells viability and their capacity to maintain cytokine balance as well as to keep cytokine balance and to retain phenotype of MMSC (multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells) and to activate tolerogenic properties of limbal cells the latter improving quality and increasing capacity of corneal transplant engraftment reliability without systemic immunosupression. Повышение надежности приживления трансплантатов роговицы в группе высокого риска может быть достигнуто при сочетанной трансплантации их с консервированными лимбальными трансплантатами. В работе изучено два способа консервации ЛТ: нормотермическая консервация в среде Борзенка–Мороз или стандартной культуральной среде в течение 35 суток и криоконсервация при –80 °С в среде Борзенка–Мороз с добавлением ДМСО и без добавления ДМСО в течение 1 месяца. Установлено, что длитель- ная нормотермическая консервация (в течение 28 суток) и криоконсервация сохраняют жизнеспособность клеток ЛТ, способность поддерживать цитокиновый баланс, а также сохранять фенотип ММСК и активизировать толерогенные свойства лимбальных клеток, что может улучшить качество и повысить надежность приживления трансплантата роговицы без системной иммуносупрессии.

INTERZONE EXCHANGE CURRENTS IN THE ELECTRON-DEUTERON SCATTERING

Interzone exchange currents (IEC) are considered in the paper aiming at the development of the IEC phenomenological model for the role investigation of interzone degrees of freedom in a nucleus in processes of eD-scattering. The application of the IEC model to the reaction of the deuteron electrical splitting on the threshold of electrical breakdown and the elastic eD-scattering is also the aim of the paper. The IEC model, including isovector IEC, relativistic ioscalar IEC, has been investigated. Isovector points of lagging have been investigated for the first time. The essential dependence of results on the lagging current contribution in the field of middle and big transfered impulses has been cleared up. The paper results may find their field of application in investigations of nuclear physicsAvailable from VNTIC / VNTIC - Scientific & Technical Information Centre of RussiaSIGLERURussian Federatio

Transgenerational Phenomenon of Genomic Instability in Children of Irradiated Parents during ChNPP

Study of families irradiated during the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant revealed significantly increased levels of aberrant genomes not only in irradiated of low doses parents (fathers-liquidators, fathers and mothers from territories contaminated with radionuclides (n = 106, p < 0.01)), but also in their children born in 1987-2004 after the accident (n = 159, p < 0.05). These children with different somatic pathologies were examined in the Children's Center of Radiation Protection of the Institute of Pediatrics and Children's Surgery of the RF Ministry of Public Health (head. - prof. Baleva L. S.). This is indicative of the transgenerational phenomenon of genomic instability. To elucidate this phenomenon, experiments were undertaken to model genomic instability by using fractionated in vitro γ-irradiation (137Cs) of peripheral blood lymphocytes samples of the children and their parents at doses of 10, 20 and 30 cGy. The spectrum and frequency of chromosomes aberrations were studied in the 1st and 2nd cell generations. The children of irradiated parents (n=6). Children born from unirradiated parents (n = 3) served as a control. Parents: irradiated fathers (n = 3) and unirradiated mothers (n = 3). Single doses were 10 cGy, 20 cGy, 30 cGy. Fractional doses were 10 cGy + 10 cGy and 10 cGy + 10 cGy + 10 cGy. Blood samples were irradiated at 24 h intervals. Before culturing all blood samples were stored at 370 C. Cultivation of lymphocytes was carried out for 48 h and 72 h with the use of 5-BrdU added to differentiate between mitosis 1 and mitosis 2. Average frequency of aberrant genomes were significantly increased at all doses in the children of irradiated parents, as compared to the children born from un-irradiated parents. The magnitude of the elevation of the individual frequencies of aberrant genomes is accordance on the initial levels of the genome aberrations. This is indicative of individual radiosensitivity probably depending on genotypic peculiarities, initial state (sensitivity) of the genome, pathophysiological processes in the organism of children. Amplification of cells with single-break chromosome aberrations in the mitosis 2, as compared to mitosis 1 suggests the replication mechanism of realization of potential damage in DNA and the occurrence of genomic instability in succeeding cell generations