Not Available

Not AvailableA rare case of spontaneous uterine rupture and subsequent peritonitis is discussed. A sow was treated for post partum endometritis and the animal was found dead two weeks after the onset. Post mortem examination revealed rupture of the uterus and peritonitis. The lesions showed that the animal died due to septic shock from peritonitisNot Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableThe hexon genes of Indian isolates of EDS-76 virus, comprising of two chicken isolates (CEDS-1& CEDS-2) and one quail isolate (QEDS) and the reference strain BC-14 were amplified, targeting the variable region (L1 to L4). The 1901bp PCR product was cloned and sequenced. The nucleotide and the amino acid sequences were analysed in comparison to the published sequences of the European EDS-76 isolate (EEU) and Chinese isolate of quail origin (QEC), which revealed the differences of 0.1% in nucleotide and 0.2% in amino acid sequences existing amongst the Indian isolates and with that of the reference strain BC-14. The CEDS-1 was showing more variations from other two Indian isolates (CEDS-2 and QEDS) and the reference strain that is 0.4% in nucleotide and 0.6% in amino acid sequences. The Indian isolates and the BC-14 strain had shown slight variation from that of the European chicken isolates and showing more than 5% variation from Chinese quail isolate. The BC-14 and EEU viruses were found of the same origin with 99.9% similarity. All the Indian EDS-76 virus isolates including the quail isolate had the similar lineage where as the Chinese quail isolate had a separate unique lineage as observed by Phylogenetic studies.ICA

Not Available

Not AvailableThe objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of egg bound syndrome in the year round culled commercial layers of Hyderabad region. The growth and automation of commercial egg production has developed faster and progressed further than any other type of livestock. Culling is an essential management practice to maintain the health of the flock and high egg production. Egg bound syndrome is one of the reason for culling. A total of 122 culled commercial layers were examined for prevalence of egg bound syndrome. All the birds were subjected to ante-mortem and postmortem examination at NRC on Meat slaughter house. During ante-mortem examination about 6% of layers were suspected for egg bound syndrome. The suspected bird’s signs were noticed like distended abdomen with hardening on palpation (2%), fluffed feathers (1%), weakness (1%), difficult breathing (1%) and sitting fluffed on the bottom of the floor (1%). During post mortem examination, inflamed oviducts distended with egg and yolk mass were observed. Out of 122 layer birds examined, 8% of layers were observed with egg bound syndrome of which 2% have extended to egg peritonitis. From the above findings it was concluded that 8% of egg bound syndrome incidence in culled commercial layers of Hyderabad region.ICA

Not Available

Not AvailableChronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) is a major problem causing morbidity and mortality which leads to economic loss to the poultry industry. The present research was carried out to study the gross, microscopic and ultrastructural changes in target tissues of natural cases of CRD and to detect the presence of causative pathogenic M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae. Routine post mortem examination of birds submitted to Avian Health Laboratory, DPR, Hyderabad were carried out and from selected CRD cases, the presence of M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae was confirmed by PCR. Results showed a higher prevalence of M. synoviae (25.98%) than M. gallisepticum (9.45%) in samples collected from CRD affected birds. Gross lesions included cloudiness of air sacs, presence of caseous mass in the air sacs, congested tracheal mucosa with catarrhal exudates and caseous materials and congestion and oedema of lungs. Occasionally, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, pericarditis, perihepatitis and salpingitis were also observed. Microscopic changes were edema, congestion and infiltration of mononuclear cells. Ultrastructural studies showed nucleoplasmolysis, margination of nuclear chromatin and swelling of perinuclear cisternae, dilatation of RER and swollen and damaged mitochondria in the air sac and trachea of birds suffering from CRD and positive for M. synoviae.ICA

Not Available

Not AvailableChronic Respiratory disease is an economically important disease of chicken caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum. The present study was carried out to study the incidence and factors affecting the incidence of CRD in poultry flocks under Indian conditions. Incidence during different seasons, among different types and breeds of chicken and among different age groups were studied. The overall incidence of CRD was 11.50%. Highest incidence was during summer followed by winter and rainy season. CRD incidence was highest in broiler type birds followed by indigenous and layer type. Among different age groups viz. chicks, growers and adults, the incidence was 6.62, 18.52 and 9.25%, respectively. The incidence was 12.89 and 8.04% in males and females. The results show an alarming rate of incidence of CRD cases in organised poultry farms which needs to be controlled and significant effect of various factors on CRD incidence.ICA

Not Available

Not AvailableThe objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of egg bound syndrome in the year round culled commercial layers of Hyderabad region. The growth and automation of commercial egg production has developed faster and progressed further than any other type of livestock. Culling is an essential management practice to maintain the health of the flock and high egg production. Egg bound syndrome is one of the reason for culling. A total of 122 culled commercial layers were examined for prevalence of egg bound syndrome. All the birds were subjected to ante-mortem and postmortem examination at NRC on Meat slaughterhouse. During ante-mortem examination about 6% of layers were suspected for egg bound syndrome. The suspected bird’s signs were noticed like distended abdomen with hardening on palpation (2%), fluffed feathers (1%), weakness (1%), difficult breathing (1%) and sitting fluffed on the bottom of the floor (1%). During post mortem examination, inflamed oviducts distended with egg and yolk mass were observed. Out of 122 layer birds examined, 8% of layers were observed with egg bound syndrome of which 2% have extended to egg peritonitis. From the above findings it was concluded that 8% of egg bound syndrome incidence in culled commercial layers of Hyderabad region.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableMycoplasma gallisepticum and M. synoviae are the two important pathogens affecting poultry worldwide and responsible for huge economic losses to the poultry industry. Here, we studied the prevalence of M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae in poultry flocks from different geographical regions in India. Prevalence of M. synoviae and M. gallisepticum as 33.0% and 11.65% was observed in samples from live birds of different states and 25.98% and 9.45% of samples were positive for M. synoviae and M. gallisepticum in post mortem examined birds of a single farm. ELISA results showed seroprevalence of 52.1 and 32.6%, respectively of M. synoviae and M. gallisepticum in a total of 635 samples. The PCR and ELISA results revealed an overall higher prevalence of M. synoviae than M. gallisepticum in live birds from different states and in dead birds with Chronic Respiratory Disease and the results shows the urgent need for adoption of better control measures against M. synoviae including vaccination.ICA

Not Available

Extension Folder on Common infertility disorders and their management in dairy animalsInfertility is a temporary disturbance in reproductive function wherein the animal cannot become pregnant or fail to reproduce. Infertility disorders generally accounts for major economic losses in dairy animal production in the country. There are multiple causes of infertility in the coastal region and can be mostly due to nutritional causes, infections, climatic stress, managemental errors, ovulatory or hormonal imbalances and congenital defects. infertility disorders in cattle and buffalo are the main causes of concern for the dairy farmers. Timely diagnosis and treatment are of paramount importance for improving fertility and productivity.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableBackground: Mycoplasma synoviae is an economically significant pathogen in poultry with reported increased prevalence and virulence in recent years. The pathogen causes subclinical upper respiratory tract infection, air sacculitis and infectious synovitis. Methods: This study aimed to characterize the field isolates of M. synoviae, from healthy and diseased birds of 13 poultry flocks of five states of India by DNA sequence analysis of the conserved 52 region of variable lipoprotein and haemagglutinin (vlhA) gene. Result: Phylogenetic analysis revealed 7 sequence types. Single sequence type was found in three major states for commercial poultry production, which could be due to interstate transport of birds or chicks.Typing based on nucleotide insertion/deletion in the proline-rich repeat (PRR) region and the nucleotide polymorphisms of the RIII region of the 52 region of the vlhA identified field isolates as Type C (n=8), E (n=6) and L (n=5). Subtypes identified were C1 (n=3) and C3 (n=1) and others were novel. Most of the isolates were from birds having respiratory lesions or symptoms. Synovitis cases were very rare and the isolate from synovitis was found to be of subtype C3. Further, the presence of multiple types (C1, E and L) was found in one farm even though most of the farms were affected by only single type. Molecular typing of Indian M. synoviae isolateswas conducted for the first time to map the diversity among different Indian isolates from different regions and from different clinical conditions.ICAR funded Institute Project at ICAR-DP

Not Available

Not AvailableM. gallisepticum infection is a serious economic threat to the poultry industry in India, and the genetic diversity of Indian isolates is unknown. Gene-targeted sequence analysis of M. gallisepticum was conducted for the first time to map the diversity among different Indian isolates from different regions and from different clinical conditions. Sequence analysis of the mgc2 gene grouped the 13 field isolates into four groups. The most prevalent sequence type, the group1 shared 100% identity with the foreign strains THA 3CK08 (Thailand) and UHP1CK99 (Israel). Groups two and three were novel, and were genetically distinct from the strains outside the country. Group four shared 100% similarity with the vaccine strain MG6/85. The nucleotide similarity between the 4 groups ranged from 94.3-99.2%. A PCR-RFLP method using HaeII was tested and validated for its ability to differentiate the Indian field isolates from vaccine strains.ICAR funded Institute Project at ICAR-DP