Dinamika Kemiskinan Rumah Tangga dan Hubungannya dengan Penguasaan Lahan pada Berbagai Ekosistem

Tujuan penulisan makalah ini adalah (1) menganalisis tingkat kemiskinan rumah tangga di berbagai agroekosistem; (2) membandingkan tingkat kemiskinan dengan pendekatan garis batas kemiskinan BPS dan internasional; dan (3) menganalisis hubungan antara kemiskinan dengan penguasaan lahan

Fenomena Penuaan Petani Dan Berkurangkanya Tenaga Kerja Muda Serta Implikasinya Bagi Kebijakan Pembangunan Pertanian

Qualified human resources with a good commitment to develop agricultural sector is one of the determining factors toward sustainable agricultural development. However, agricultural development deals with significant issue especially reduction in the number of young farmers. This paper aims to review structural changes from perspective of aging farmer and declined number of young farmers in Indonesia and other countries. Specifically, this paper identifies various factors causing the changes and describes the policies needed to support young workers to enter agricultural sector. The method used in this paper is both descriptive analysis and cross tabulation. The results show that aging farmers and young farmers decline in Indonesia keep increasing. The phenomena are also found in other countries in Asia, Europe, America and Australia. Various factors causing lack interest of young workers in agricultural sector, namely less prestigious, high risk, less assurance, unstable earning. Other factors are small size land holding, limited non-agricultural diversification and agricultural processing activities in rural areas, slow farm management succession, and lack of incentive for young farmers. To attract youth to enter agricultural sector, it is necessary to transform youth\u27s perception that agricultural sector currently is interesting and promising. The government needs to development agricultural industry in rural areas, introduces technology innovation, offers special incentives for young farmers, modernizes agriculture, and conducts training and empowerment of young farmers

Perdagangan Antarpulau Beras di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan

As the main staple food, rice is a strategic commodity. Rice production is seasonal and varies among regions. On the other hand, demand for rice is relatively continuous over time throughout the country. Given the characteristics of Indonesia as an archipelagic country dominated by marine areas, inter-island rice trade is a way of bridging the distribution of rice production supply from surplus areas to those deficit one. The study aims to analyze the inter-island rice trade in South Sulawesi including dynamics of inter-island rice trade in the last two decades, distribution of rice trade, and profit margin of each trade actor. Secondary data were collected from various related agencies in Jakarta and South Sulawesi. Primary data were obtained through a survey with farmers and traders as respondents and through group discussions with key informants in 3 regencies/municipality in South Sulawesi Province. Analysis results show that dynamics of inter-island rice traded from South Sulawesi relatively unstable with an increasing trend. Peak shipments occurred in October and the largest share of rice shipments came from Pare-Pare Municipality (60.5%). Jakarta is the main destination for rice delivery with the largest number of shipments (33%), followed by Belawan and Ambon. Considering the characteristics of rice production, consumption and market integration, and importance of rice as an economic and political commodity, inter-rice trade policy can be used as an instrument for stabilizing rice prices. It is necessary to manage spatial and continuous network of marketing activities at national level, i.e. procurement, distribution and storage, according to the rice market size in each region

Urgensi dan Opsi Perubahan Kebijakan Subsidi Pupuk

Fertilizer is essential for crop production improvement. Fertilizer cost share in farm business is about 10 percent only, but fertilizer distribution is under government's control especially for small-holders. Fertilizer subsidy policy deals with various problems and it requires some changes. This study aims to analyze fertilizer subsidy, namely formulating policy options and alternatives for fertilizer direct-subsidy (SLP). This study employs secondary data and related information from the case studies of pilot projects in Lombok Island (NTB Province) and Karawang Regency (West Java Province). This study uses quantitative analysis and qualitative descriptive approaches. Three options of policy changes in fertilizer subsidy are (i) shifting SLP to output price subsidy, (ii) SLP, and (iii) gradual subsidy abolition. SLP policy should be implemented effectively with following alternatives: (i) SLP pilot projects to be implemented in Java and rice-producing centers outside Java and non-rice producing centers outside Java, (ii) targeted farmers to receive subsidy are poor and almost poor with certain land holding size, (iii) indicators of poor and almost poor farmers and criteria of the restricted provinces to be established accurately, and (iv) restriction to be implemented in Java and rice-producing centers outside Java, but no restriction in non-rice producing centers outside Java

Dinamika Daya Saing Lada Indonesia

EnglishIndonesia is one of the major producer contries of pepper (Piper Nigrum L) along with India, Brazil and Malaysia. With the increase of market competition among them in International market, Indonesia has to be able to increase market competitiveness of pepper exports againts competitors. The purpose of this study is to analize the competitiveness of Indonesia pepper exports among the competitors in International market. Time series data of 1985 – 2001 were used and most the data came from the International Pepper Statistic Year Book. The results of analysis showed that for all analysis periodes, Indonesia exports competitiveness has increased to three other competitors, except for the first periode (1985-1996), which India and Malaysia competitiveness is higher than Indonesia. Market distribution effect showed that USA, MEE and Singapore markets are proper market for Indonesia pepper export. IndonesianDiantara negara-negara produsen lada dunia, Indonesia termasuk salah satu produsen utama dunia bersama-sama dengan India, Malaysia dan Brazil. Dengan meningkatnya kompetisi antara negara produsen, Indonesia dituntut untuk mampu mempertahankan daya saingnya di pasar Internasional. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah posisi daya saing ekspor Indonesia relatif terhadap beberapa negara pesaingnya di pasar lada dunia. Data yang digunakan adalah data deret waktu periode 1985-2001 yang bersumber dari International Pepper Community Statistical Year Book. Dari hasil analisis dapat ditunjukkan bahwa untuk seluruh periode analisis, daya saing Indonesia mengalami peningkatan relatif terhadap tiga negara pesaingnya, kecuali pada periode awal (1985-1996) dimana daya saing India dan Malaysia mengungguli Indonesia. Pengaruh distribusi pasar menunjukkan bahwa pasar Amerika Serikat, MEE dan Singapore merupakan pasar tujuan yang tepat bagi ekspor lada Indonesia

Penguasaan Lahan Pertanian pada Berbagai Tipe Agroekosistem

Penulisan makalah ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi tentang Perubahan penguasan lahan pertanian rumah tangga tani pada berbagai tipe agroekosistem, utamanya yang terkait dengan struktur penguasaan dan pemilikan lahan, distribusi penguasaan lahan, dan status penguasaan lahan pertanian. Informasi tersebut diperlukan guna menyusun rekomendasi kebijakan terkait dengan penguasaan lahan pertanian, khususnya oleh petani berlahan sempit yang merupakan sebagian besar petani Indonesia