277 research outputs found
Unintended Pregnancy And Induced Abortion In Mexico: Causes and Consequences
Examining the hidden and stigmatized practice of induced abortion is very hard to do. Throughout the Mexican Republic's 31 states, induced abortion is highly restricted. (The exception is the capital, the Federal District, which decriminalized first-trimester abortions in 2007.) This report presents estimates of induced abortion for 2009, by the country's 32 entidades federativas (or federative entities) and by the woman's age. The report also examines what causes women to resort to abortion in the first place -- unintended pregnancy
Trends in the timing of first marriage among men and women in the developing world [Arabic]
The timing of first union merits investigation not only because of the close temporal link between marriage and the onset of childbearing, but also because the age when men and women marry has implications for the organization of family life and for gender relations within society. This paper begins by reviewing the contributions of various social science disciplines to an understanding of the timing of marriage. Using current status data from 73 countries provided by the United Nations Population Division and retrospective data from 52 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 1990 and 2001, we then examine recent trends in the timing of first marriage or union for men and women in the developing world. With the exception of South America for both sexes and South and Southeast Asia for men, substantial declines have occurred in the proportion of young men and women who are married. Given the differentials in the timing of marriage by educational attainment and residence, we assess whether the decline in the proportion of young people who are married is related to increases in schooling and urbanization. Expansion of schooling for women has had some impact, but a considerable portion of the reduction in early marriage is not explained by changes in levels of education. We consider other factors that might account for the increase in age at marriage. Finally, we review what is known about the consequences of changing age at marriage with a particular focus on risk of HIV infection
Demystifying Data: A Guide to Using Evidence to Improve Young People's Sexual Health and Rights
The sexual and reproductive health and rights of young people are a pressing concern everywhere in the world. The world's 1.2 billion adolescents aged 10 -- 19 account for 18% of the global population.1 While their situation differs across regions and countries, adolescents share basic rights pertaining to sexual and reproductive health, such as equality, privacy, dignity, freedom from harm and freedom to choose whether or not to marry. They also need information and services to support healthy decisionmaking related to sexuality and reproduction.Adolescents' needs vary depending on many factors: their stage of physical and emotional development, whether they are married, whether they have become mothers or fathers, whether they are sexually active, and what type of sexual activity and relationship they are engaged in. For example, an estimated one in four women aged 15 -- 19 in the developing world is married or in union -- that is, living with a partner. Marriage that takes place during adolescence is often not decided by the adolescents themselves, and young women in particular may lack power relative to older partners. Moreover, unmarried adolescents who engage in sexual activity typically face societal disapproval, which can prevent them from receiving the information and services that they need to protect their healt
Analysis of ease of insertions, its attempts and time taken to insert for i-gel and cLMA in paediatric cases.
Aim: Analysis of ease of insertions, its attempts and time taken to insert for i-gel and cLMA in paediatric cases.
Methods: We did a prospective, randomised single-blind study on Eighty patients of either sex belonging to American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status class I or II, between 6 months to 8 years of age, scheduled to undergo elective surgery for less than one and half hour duration under general anaesthesia. In this study we analysed the ease of insertion, attempts and time were taken to insert the supraglottic airway device.
Results: The ease of insertion observed was easy in 39(97.5%) in the i-gel group and 35(87.5%) in cLMA group in our study. The i-gel was placed successfully in 39 out of 40 (97.5%) patients in the first attempt, and achieved 100% insertion on the second attempt. Correct positioning of cLMA in the first attempt was seen in 35 out of 40 (87.5%) patients. The remaining 5 patients (12.5%) required a second attempt. The average insertion time of cLMA (12.88 ± 1.771 seconds) was longer than the average time of insertion of i-gel (9.48 ± 1.037 seconds), and these differences were highly significant statistically (p= 0.000).
Conclusion: To conclude, i-gel and cLMA is effective and safe devices for use in children. Both are easy to insert and have insignificant morbidity, however, time taken and attempts of insertions for i-gel was lesser than cLMA. Also, the ease of insertion was relatively easy for i-gel than cLMA in pediatric cases
Cutaneous leiomyoma of scalp: a rare case report with review of literature
Skin is the largest organ of the body and many types of tumor arises from different part of skin layer. A leiomyoma is an uncommon, benign tumour of smooth muscle of skin derived from the arrector pili muscle of skin. These lesions can develop wherever smooth muscle is present, but malignant transformation probably does not occur. Cutaneous leiomyomas or piloleiomyomas appear as small (0.5-2 cm) firm skin coloured nodules. They arise from the arrector pili muscles which are responsible for making your hairs stand on end. Multiple lesions may develop, often in clusters and commonly in a segmental distribution. These nodules are benign, so are only of concern because of their appearance or their tendency to be tender if knocked. Female patients with cutaneous leiomyomas may also develop uterine leiomyomas (fibroids), and very rarely leiomyomas can be associated with renal cell carcinoma (hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer). We report a case cutaneous leiomyoma of scalp in a 22 year old male who present with the complaints of scalp swelling
Uterine necrosis following B Lynch suture: a rare complication
The B-Lynch uterine suture brace is a relatively new technique used for treatment of postpartum haemorrhage. These uterine compression sutures have achieved hemostasis while preserving fertility in many women and thus their efficacy and safety have been time tested. Very few complications have been reported following B Lynch suture. These include Asherman’s syndrome, hematometra, pyometra, localized areas of uterine necrosis and full-thickness defects in the lower uterine segment or uterine fundus and erosion of uterine wall. Herewith, reporting a case of 23-year-old woman who underwent cesarean section for breech presentation. She had atonic PPH for which uterine artery ligation was done along with B-lynch suture. She developed uterine necrosis for which hysterectomy was done. Microsections showed that endometrial cavity was filled with gangrenous slough extending to variable extent in myometrium and cervix
Por el aborto legal en América Latina y el Caribe
ArtÃculo de opinión que enfatiza el impacto de las leyes de aborto restrictivas en la salud y las vidas de las mujeres de América Latina y el Caribe, destacando algunos de los datos actuales sobre la incidencia, legalidad y seguridad del aborto en la región.http://gu.tt/Y4Pgy
Trends in the timing of first marriage among men and women in the developing world
The timing of first union merits investigation not only because of the close temporal link between marriage and the onset of childbearing, but also because the age when men and women marry has implications for the organization of family life and for gender relations within society. This paper begins by reviewing the contributions of various social science disciplines to an understanding of the timing of marriage. Using current status data from 73 countries provided by the United Nations Population Division and retrospective data from 52 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 1990 and 2001, we then examine recent trends in the timing of first marriage or union for men and women in the developing world. With the exception of South America for both sexes and South and Southeast Asia for men, substantial declines have occurred in the proportion of young men and women who are married. Given the differentials in the timing of marriage by educational attainment and residence, we assess whether the decline in the proportion of young people who are married is related to increases in schooling and urbanization. Expansion of schooling for women has had some impact, but a considerable portion of the reduction in early marriage is not explained by changes in levels of education. We consider other factors that might account for the increase in age at marriage. Finally, we review what is known about the consequences of changing age at marriage with a particular focus on risk of HIV infection
The Sexual, Marital and Fathering Behavior of Men in Sub-Saharan Africa
Understanding men's sexual and reproductive preferences and behaviors
as well as their roles as partners in sexual relationships, marriage
and family building is essential to address their sexual and
reproductive health information and service needs. Identifying and
meeting these needs are crucial because the more informed and more
effective men are in living safer and more fulfilling reproductive
lives, the better it will be for not only them, but for their families
as well. The sexual and reproductive behaviors and health needs of men
aged 15-54 in 22 Sub-Saharan countries were examined using nationally
representative data collected in these countries by the Demographic and
Health Surveys (DHS) between 1994 and 2001.The study found that the
years between first sex and marriage represent a period of enhanced
risk of STIs and premarital pregnancy for many sexually active
unmarried men in Sub-Saharan African (SSA). Men in SSA want and have
large families. At age 40-54, men have had seven or more children in 14
of 21 countries with data, and about six children in the remaining six
countries. However, desired family size is declining: Men 15-24 want
fewer children than do men in their early 50s-around 4-6 children
compared with 6-10 and more, respectively. Although substantial
proportions of sexually active men have more than one partner, the
majority are not using condoms to prevent HIV/AIDS and other STI. Men
in SSA need targeted information to help them make informed choices in
their sexual and reproductive behaviors. Men also need information to
help them meet their responsibilities as husbands and fathers. Men,
especially those who live in areas with high prevalence of HIV/AIDS and
other STIs, need better access to condoms and health services for the
prevention, diagnosis and treatment of STIs. If these information and
services are put within the reach of men, the gains for them will
inevitably be gains for their partners and children
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