Effect of synthesis methods and comparative study of structural properties of micro and nano Ferrites

In this study, Mn(x)Zn(1-x)Fe2O4 ferrite samples with x=0.4 and 0.6 were synthesized using a solid-state  method and co-precipitation method. In order to determine the effects of various concentrations (x) on the ferrite's structure, particle size, and crystalline phases, prepared samples were analysed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD patterns revealed that the synthesized samples display a single-phase cubic spinel structure.FTIR analysis showed for both synthesis method have absorption band in the range 400 to 1000 cm-1.SEM analysis shows extreme homogeneity of all the samples. EDX analysis was used to examine for Mn0.4Zn0.6Fe204,The prepared ferrites powders contain Mn, Zn, and Fe, as shown in both synthesis methods.In this approach, alternative synthesis routes for these ferrites are suggested in this study in order to get around some limitations of the traditional preparation method

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Not AvailableMoringa oleifera Lam., a medium sized tree species has gained importance due to its multipurpose usage and well adaptability to dry and hot climates of north-western plains, central India and dry regions of peninsular India. Moringa oleifera Lam. (family: Moringaceae) is a highly valued plant, distributed in many countries of the tropics and subtropics. It has an impressive range of medicinal uses with high nutritional value. Different parts of this plant contain a profile of important minerals, and are a good source of protein, vitamins, -carotene, amino acids and various phenolics. The moringa plant provides a rich and rare combination of zeatin, quercetin, - sitosterol, caffeoylquinic acid and kaempferol. In addition to its compelling water purifying powers and high nutritional value, M. oleifera is very important for its medicinal value and it is also used in Dairy and meat production in dry regions is very complex due to low quality and shortage of fodder, especially in dry periods. In case of fodder shortage. i.e. unavailability of fodder in December through May as currently green fodder is least available after wheat, alfalfa, brassica and maize harvesting. This leads towards reduced livestock production and low-quality milk and meat products. and enlarging the gap between the availability of resources and the meeting of human and animals necessities. People are fulfilling their requirements for food and shelter by depleting natural resources. Moringa oleifera is one of those plants that has been neglected for several years but now is being investigated for its fast growth, higher nutritional attributes, and utilization as a livestock fodder crop. It can be grown as a crop on marginal lands with high temperatures and low water availability, where it is difficult to cultivate other agricultural crops.Not Availabl

Синтез, характеристика та оцінка наночастинок δ-Al2O3, отриманих хімічним методом зі зміною pH

Дослідження спрямоване на аналіз наночастинок, отриманих шляхом коригування значення pH в процесі синтезу співосадження за допомогою хлориду алюмінію. Підготовлені зразки кориговані рН за допомогою гідроксиду амонію. Зразки прожарюють при 650 °C, і значення pH синтезованих зразків становлять 8; 9; 9,5 (S1, S2, S3). Рентгенодифракційний (XRD) аналіз підготовлених зразків підтверджує їх ромбічну структуру. Середній розмір кристалів підготовлених зразків δ-Al2O3 становить 3,6; 2,7 та 2,8 нм для S1, S2 та S3 відповідно. Параметр решітки знаходиться в діапазоні від 0,559 до 0,563 нм для a, від 0,557 до 0,569 нм для b і від 2,375 до 2,379 нм для c, pH складає 8, 9 і 9,5 відповідно до XRD аналізу. Об'єм становить від 740 до 759 Å3, густина дислокацій (D) знаходиться в діапазоні від 2,020 до 3,353, механічні характеристики (деформація) входять до числа параметрів, що надаються. Графіки Вільямсона-Холла (W-H) та розмірно-деформаційні (SS) графіки детально досліджуються. Результати порівнюються, показуючи, що розмір кристала зразка знаходиться в діапазоні від 2,2 до 2,8 нм, а деформація приймає значення від 0,0193 до 0,0702 для графіків W-H, а для графіків SS розмір кристала зразка знаходиться в діапазоні від 0,97 до 1,35 нм, і деформація приймає значення в діапазоні від 0,314 до 0,409.This research aims to analyze nanoparticles made by adjusting the pH value in the coprecipitation synthesis process with the help of aluminum chloride. The prepared samples are pH adjusted using ammonium hydroxide. The samples are calcined at 650 °C and the pH values of the synthesized samples are 8, 9, 9.5 (S1, S2, S3). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the prepared samples confirms their orthorhombic structure. The average crystal size of the prepared δ-Al2O3 samples is 3.650, 2.741 and 2.806 nm for S1, S2 and S3, respectively. The lattice parameter is in the range of 5.59 to 5.63 for a, 5.57 to 5.69 for b, and 23.75 to 23.79 for c, pH = 8, 9, and 9.5, respectively, according to XRD analysis. The volume is 740 to 759 Å3, dislocation density (D) is in the range from 2.020 to 3.353 and mechanical characteristics (strain) are among the parameters provided. The Williamson-Hall and size-strain plots are both examined extensively. The results are compared showing that the crystal size of the sample is in the range of 2.2 to 2.8 nm and the strain is between 0.0193 to 0.0702 as per the W-H plots, and for the SS plots, the crystal size is in the range of 0.97 to 1.35 nm and the strain is between 0.314 to 0.409

Evaluation of long-term conservation agriculture and crop intensification in rice-wheat rotation of Indo-Gangetic Plains of South Asia: Carbon dynamics and productivity

Not AvailableIn the context of deteriorating soil health, stagnation of yield in rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) across Indo Gangetic plains (IGP) and environmental pollution, a long term field experiment was conducted during 2009–2016 taking four crop scenarios with conservation agriculture (CA), crop intensification and diversified cropping as intervening technology aiming to evaluate the sustainability of the systems. Scenario 1 (S1) re presented conventional farmers’ practice of growing rice and wheat with summer fallow. In scenario 2 (S2) and scenario 3 (S3), legume crop was taken along with rice and wheat with partial CA and full CA, respectively. Conventional RWCS was replaced with rice-potato + maize- cowpea cropping system with partial CA in scenario 4 (S4). The S3 scenario registered highest total organic carbon (TOC) stock of 47.71 Mg C ha−1 and resulted in significant increase of 14.57% over S1 (Farmer’s practice) in 0–30 cm soil depth after 7 years of field trial. The S4 scenario having intensified cropping systems recorded lowest TOC of 39.33 Mg C ha−1 and resulted in sig nificant depletion of 17.56% in C stock with respect to S3 in 0–30 cm soil depth. The TOC enrichment was higher in S2, S3 and S4 scenario in the surface soil (0–10 cm) compared to S1. At lower depth (20–30 cm), the TOC enrichment was significantly higher in S2 (12.82 Mg C ha−1 ) and S3 (13.10 Mg C ha−1 soil) over S1 scenario. The S2 and S3 scenario recorded highest increased allocation of TOC (3.55 and 6.13 Mg C ha−1 ) to passive pool over S1. The S2 (15.72 t ha−1 ), S3 (16.08 t ha−1 ) and S4 (16.39 t ha−1 ) scenarios recorded significantly higher system rice equivalent yield over S1 (10.30 t ha−1 ). Among the scenarios, S3 scenario had greater amount of total soil organic carbon, passive pool of carbon and higher system rice equivalent yield, thus, is considered the best cropping management practice to maintain soil health and food security in the middle IG