271 research outputs found

    Am Anfang war die Tat? : Kulturelle Phantasmen und die Projektionsfigur "Jack the Ripper"

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    Wie wird aus fĂŒnf ungeklĂ€rten Huren-Morden im Londoner Armenmilieu die »wahre Geschichte« eines Serienmörders? WĂ€ren da nicht die kollektiven Ängste und Phantasien, aber auch das »schmutzige Unterbewusste« der viktorianischen Gesellschaft sowie die morbide Faszination der aufstrebenden Gerichtsmedizin, hĂ€tte »Jack the Ripper« nicht zur Projektionsfigur des Bösen werden können. Die Geschichte des Ripper kann als beispielhaft fĂŒr kulturelles ErzĂ€hlen gelten und zeigt, wie sich in den Vorstellungen der Menschen einer Epoche wissenschaftliche mit literarischen ErzĂ€hlmustern verweben

    Fallstudien : Theorie - Geschichte - Methode

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    Tagungsbericht: Veranstalter: Zentrum zur Erforschung der FrĂŒhen Neuzeit; Historisches Seminar; Institut fĂŒr England und Amerika-Studien; Fachbereich Gesellschaftswissenschaften der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-UniversitĂ€t Frankfurt am Main Datum, Ort: 15.09.2005-17.09.2005, Frankfurt am Mai

    Key Experiment and Quantum Reasoning

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    For around five decades, physicists have been experimenting with single quanta such as single photons. Insofar as the practised ensemble reasoning has become obsolete for the interpretation of these experiments, the non-classical intrinsic probabilistic nature of quantum theory has gained increased importance. One of the most important exclusive features of quantum physics is the undeniable existence of the superposition of states, even for single quantum objects. One known example of this effect is entanglement. In this paper, two classically contradictory phenomena are combined to one single experiment. This experiment incontestably shows that a single photon incident on an optical beam splitter can either be reflected or transmitted. The almost complete absence of coincident clicks of two photodetectors demonstrates that these two output states are incompatible. However, when combining these states using two mirrors, we can observe interference patterns in the counting rate of the single photon detector. The only explanation for this is that the two incompatible output states are prepared and kept simultaneously—a typical consequence of a quantum superposition of states. (Semi-)classical physical concepts fail here, and a full quantum concept is predestined to explain the complementary experimental outcomes for the quantum optical “non-waves” called single photons. In this paper, we intend to demonstrate that a true quantum physical key experiment (“true” in the sense that it cannot be explained by any classical physical concept), when combined with full quantum reasoning (probability, superposition and interference), influences students’ readiness to use quantum elements for interpretation

    High unawareness of chronic kidney disease in Germany

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    Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular events, hospitalizations, end stage renal disease and mortality. Main risk factors for CKD are diabetes, hypertension, and older age. Although CKD prevalence is about 10%, awareness for CKD is generally low in patients and physicians, hindering early diagnosis and treatment. We analyzed baseline data of 3305 participants with CKD Stages 1–4 from German cohorts and registries collected in 2010. Prevalence of CKD unawareness and prevalence ratios (PR) (each with 95%-confidence intervals) were estimated in categories of age, sex, CKD stages, BMI, hypertension, diabetes and other relevant comorbidities. We used a log-binomial regression model to estimate the PR for CKD unawareness for females compared to males adjusting for CKD stage and CKD risk factors. CKD unawareness was high, reaching 71% (68–73%) in CKD 3a, 49% (45–54%) in CKD 3b and still 30% (24–36%) in CKD4. Prevalence of hypertension, diabetes or cardiovascular comorbidities was not associated with lower CKD unawareness. Independent of CKD stage and other risk factors unawareness was higher in female patients (PR = 1.06 (1.01; 1.10)). Even in patients with CKD related comorbidities, CKD unawareness was high. Female sex was strongly associated with CKD unawareness. Guideline oriented treatment of patients at higher risk for CKD could increase CKD awareness. Patient–physician communication about CKD might be amendable. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

    Review of Susanne Scholz (ed.), Feminist Interpretation of the Hebrew Bible in Retrospect; Panel from the 2017 SBL Annual Meeting in Boston (MA)

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    The current flourishing of varieties of feminist interpretation among religious organizations and in the academy has been going on since at least the 1970s, and has grown to display an amazing diversity of emphases and forms. At the same time, much work still needs to be done. The appearance from Sheffield Phoenix of Susanne Scholz’s three-volume edited work, Feminist Interpretation of the Hebrew Bible in Retrospect,1 by its breadth of coverage and its conscious attempt to reflect on the work of past decades, offered the Feminist Hermeneutics of the Bible Section of the Society of Biblical Literature an opportunity to assess the distance feminist interpretations have traveled in the last 40–50 years and where we should focus energy for the future. The following papers share the reviews offered by five colleagues at a panel session at the SBL Annual Meeting in Boston, Massachusetts, on Sunday, November 19, 2017, and Prof. Scholz’s response. The reviewers represent an array of feminist perspectives that is diverse in race/ethnicity, nationality/culture, gender, age, and stream of religious tradition. The reviews probe not only a variety of dimensions of Prof. Scholz’s work, but also a variety of points of progress and ongoing issues in feminist interpretation

    Conflicting results of prenatal FISH with different probes for Down's Syndrome critical regions associated with mosaicism for a de novo del(21)(q22) characterised by molecular karyotyping: Case report

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    For the rapid detection of common aneuploidies either PCR or Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) on uncultured amniotic fluid cells are widely used. There are different commercial suppliers providing FISH assays for the detection of trisomies affecting the Down's syndrome critical regions (DSCR) in 21q22. We present a case in which rapid FISH screening with different commercial probes for the DSCR yielded conflicting results. Chromosome analysis revealed a deletion of one chromosome 21 in q22 which explained the findings. Prenatally an additional small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) was discovered as well, which could not be characterised. Postnatal chromosome analysis in lymphocytes of the infant revealed complex mosaicism with four cell lines. By arrayCGH the sSMC was provisionally described as derivative chromosome 21 which was confirmed by targeted FISH experiments

    Eine chronische Niereninsuffizienz, auch in höherem Stadium, ist Patienten hÀufig unbekannt-aber warum wissen Frauen noch seltener von ihrer Erkrankung als MÀnner?

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    Introduction: Chronic kidney failure (CKD) is as common as diabetes or coronary heart disease in a population aged 40 years and older. Although CKD increases the risk of secondary diseases or premature death, patients with CKD are often unaware of their disease. In a recent analysis of German data, unawareness CKD was higher in women than in men. Methods: Baseline data from 2010 of 3,305 CKD patients from German cohort studies and registries were analyzed. Stage 1-4 CKD was defined by eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) and albumin-creatinine ratio according to the KDIGO-guideline. Patient knowledge of CKD was coded according to self-report. The proportion of patients without knowledge of CKD and the sex-specific proportion difference (each with 95 % confidence interval) were calculated according to CKD stages and additional comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, anemia, and cardiovascular disease). In addition, the prevalence ratio (PR) for not knowing about CKD was estimated for women compared to men crude and adjusted for age and other risk factors. Results: Women were less likely than men to know about their CKD in all subgroups studied by age, CKD stage, and comorbidities. The proportion difference for CKD awareness increased with higher CKD stage and was 21 percentage points (7.6; 34.6) at the expense of women in CKD stage 4. Among patients with CKD stage 3b and concomitant grade 2 hypertension, 61 % of women versus 45 % of men were unaware of their disease. The PR for CKD unawareness in women compared with men in the fully adjusted model increased from 1.08 (1.00; 1.16) in CKD stage 3a to 1.75 (1.14; 2.68) in CKD stage 4. Conclusion: Despite the presence risk factors that necessitate monitoring of renal function, less than half of patients know they have CKD stage 3b or 4. Women are less likely to be aware of their CKD in all subgroups. Possible causes are gender-related differences in primary health care (gender bias) or in patient-doctor communication. © 2022 The Author(s).Hintergrund: Chronische Niereninsuffizienz (CKD) ist in der Bevölkerung ab einem Alter von 40 Jahren genauso verbreitet wie Diabetes oder koronare Herzkrankheit. Obwohl eine CKD das Risiko fĂŒr Folgeerkrankungen oder vorzeitigen Tod erhöht, wissen Patienten oft nichts von ihrer Erkrankung. In einer Auswertung deutscher Daten war die Unkenntnis ĂŒber eine CKD bei Frauen grĂ¶ĂŸer als bei MĂ€nnern. Methode: Es wurden Baseline-Daten aus dem Jahr 2010 von 3305 CKD-Patienten aus deutschen Kohortenstudien und Registern ausgewertet. Eine CKD der Stadien 1–4 war nach veröffentlichten Leitlinien definiert. Das Patientenwissen ĂŒber eine CKD wurde ĂŒber Selbstauskunft kodiert. Der Anteil von Patienten ohne Wissen ĂŒber eine CKD sowie die geschlechtsspezifische Anteilsdifferenz (jeweils mit 95 %-Konfidenzintervall) wurde nach CKD-Stadien und weiteren KomorbiditĂ€ten berechnet. DarĂŒber hinaus wurde die PrĂ€valenz-Ratio (PR) fĂŒr die Nichtkenntnis einer CKD fĂŒr Frauen im Vergleich zu MĂ€nnern grob und nach Alter und weiteren Risikofaktoren adjustiert geschĂ€tzt. Ergebnisse: In den Subgruppen nach Alter, CKD-Stadium und KomorbiditĂ€ten wussten Frauen seltener von ihrer CKD als MĂ€nner. Der Anteilsunterschied im Wissen um eine CKD stieg mit höherem CKD-Stadium an und betrug im Stadium 4 21 Prozentpunkte (7,6; 34,6) zuungunsten der Frauen. Bei Patienten mit einer CKD im Stadium 3b und Bluthochdruck Grad 2 wussten 61 % der Frauen nichts von ihrer Erkrankung, verglichen mit 45 % der MĂ€nner. Das PR fĂŒr die Unkenntnis einer CKD fĂŒr Frauen im Vergleich zu MĂ€nnern im voll-adjustierten Modell stieg von 1,08 (1,00; 1,16) bei einer CKD 3a auf 1,75 (1,14; 2,68) bei einer CKD im Stadium 4. Folgerung: Frauen wissen in allen untersuchten Subgruppen seltener von ihrer CKD als MĂ€nner. Der Geschlechtsunterschied besteht unabhĂ€ngig von allen untersuchten Einflussfaktoren. Mögliche Ursachen sind unbewusste geschlechtsbezogene Unterschiede in der Versorgung (gender bias) oder in der Patient-Arzt-Kommunikation

    Stages of Concern: Vorerfahrungen, Interessen und Einstellungen von LehrkrĂ€ften in Bezug auf Lehr-Lernplattform-gestĂŒtztem Unterricht in den Naturwissenschaften

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    The pandemic-related measures highlighted the value of digitalization as a major issue in the education sector. Digital teaching units on teaching-learning platforms can make a decisive contribution in this field. In this study, data collected in summer 2019 on the affective-cognitive processes of examinations of science education using digitally formatted units, implemented on teaching-learning platforms and the particular usage of teaching-learning platforms themselves are re-analysed (N = 83). The study relies on the Stages of Concern (SoC) as a standardized instrument. A cluster analysis helps to identify three specific SoC-profiles in terms of the specific approach to and handling with the digital teaching-learning platforms. Common to all these profiles is that they concentrate on the impact on teaching and the students’ activities. In addition, the analysis shows a traditional use of the platforms in school (subgroup, N = 44 for teachers with access to teaching-learning platforms in school). Furthermore, correlation analyses show that there is no correlation between the type of use and the SoC-Profiles, but there is a correlation between the frequency of use and the SoC-profilesDie pandemiebedingten Maßnahmen haben den Wert der Digitalisierung im Bildungssektor deutlich gemacht. Digitale Unterrichtseinheiten auf Lehr-Lernplattformen können dazu einen entscheidenden Beitrag leisten. In der hier vorgelegten Studie werden Daten aus dem Sommer 2019 zu der affektiv-kognitiven Auseinandersetzung von naturwissenschaftlichen LehrkrĂ€ften mit digitalen Unterrichtseinheiten auf Lehr-Lernplattformen sowie deren Nutzung und FortbildungswĂŒnsche neu analysiert (N = 83). Die Erhebung der affektiv-kognitiven Auseinandersetzung erfolgte mit dem standardisierten Instrument Stages of Concern (SoC). Mithilfe einer Clusteranalyse werden drei spezifische SoC-Profile in Bezug auf den Einsatz digitaler Unterrichtseinheiten auf einer Lehr-Lernplattform identifiziert. Dabei wird deutlich, dass allen Profilen die BeschĂ€ftigung mit der Auswirkung auf den Unterricht und auf die SchĂŒlerinnen und SchĂŒler gemein ist. Zudem wird gezeigt, dass der Einsatz von Lehr-Lernplattformen vor der Pandemie eher traditionell geprĂ€gt war (Subgruppe, N = 44 fĂŒr LehrkrĂ€fte mit Zugang in der Schule zu einer Lehr-Lernplattform). Zusammenhangsanalysen zeigen des Weiteren, dass zwischen der Nutzungsart und den SoC-Profilen kein Zusammenhang festzustellen ist, ein solcher aber zwischen der NutzungshĂ€ufigkeit und den SoC-Profilen besteh

    Dolls and puppet figures in narratives – themes and motifs in literature, art, theater, film, media, folklore and popular cultures

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    Die Onlineversion unterscheidet sich geringfĂŒgig gegenĂŒber der Printausgabe. Auf Seite 88 wurde in der Printversion die falsche Übersetzung des Abstracts (Englisch) eingefĂŒgt. Dieser Fehler ist hier korrigiert. The online version differs slightly from the print edition. On page 88, the wrong translation of the abstract (English) was inserted in the print version. This error is corrected here.Dieses Themenheft behandelt die Vielfalt und das Potenzial von Puppennarrativen im weitesten Sinn und ihre universellen und/oder kulturspezifischen Formen, Spuren, Traditionen und Folkloren sowie das Spiel der jeweiligen RezeptionsbezĂŒge. NachgespĂŒrt wird diesen Narrativen in einer Vielzahl von unterschiedlichen literarischen, kĂŒnstlerischen, filmischen, (pop-)kulturellen und folkloristischen Bereichen sowie in pĂ€dagogisch relevanten Feldern. Eine eigens gestaltete kurze Graphic Novel hinterfragt darĂŒber hinaus die VerknĂŒpfung klassischer Puppentheater-Narrative mit zukunftstrĂ€chtigen KI-basierten Automatisierungsfantasien.This thematic issue deals with the diversity and potential of doll/puppet narratives in the broadest sense and with their universal and/or culture-specific forms, traces, traditions and folklore as well as with the interplay of the respective reception references. These narratives are traced in a variety of different literary, artistic, cinematic, (pop-)cultural and folkloristic genres as well as in pedagogically relevant fields. In addition, s specially designed short graphic novel questions the linking of classic puppet theater narratives with seminal AI-based automation fantasies
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