Hur hund som stöd kan främja välbefinnande och aktivitet i vardagen

Bakgrund Relationen mellan människa och djur har debatterats och forskats om under lång tid liksom vilka effekter djur kan ha på människans välmående. Hundar har med goda resultat använts inom vårdrelaterade miljöer och används fortfarande av många människor som stöd i vardagliga aktiviteter. Arbetsterapeutisk teori belyser samverkan mellan person, aktivitet och miljö samt menar att upplevd mening och värde i aktivitet främjar hälsan. Syfte Att kartlägga hur hund som stöd kan främja välbefinnande och aktivitet i vardagen. Metod Icke- systematisk litteraturstudie av 12 artiklar med kvalitativ, kvantitativ samt mixad metod. Manifest innehållsanalys av utvalda artiklar för att identifiera kategorier och teman. Resultat Tre teman identifierades gällande hur hund som stöd påverkar personer i aktivitet och främjar aktiviteter i vardagen; 1) förbättrad interaktion och kommunikation; 2) motivation till fysisk aktivitet och inlärning; samt 3) påverkan på personliga inre resurser som ökad självständighet och förbättrat självförtroende. Slutsats Resultaten tyder på att användning av hund som stöd kan främja arbetsterapeutiska interventioner men det behövs mer forskning där även arbetsterapeutiska bedömningsinstrument används för att mäta effekterna

Volume production in different silvicultural systems for 85 years in a mixed Picea abies–Pinus sylvestris forest in central Sweden

A long-term comparison of different silvicultural systems was established in 1923 in central Sweden, in an uneven-aged mixed Norway spruceâScots pine forest ( (L.) Karst. â L.) with about 85% spruce and 15% pine. The five treatments consisted of two examples of even-aged management 1) clear-cutting followed by planting, and 2) seed tree regeneration, one uneven-aged management 3) selection system, one exploiting treatment 4) diameter limit cut, and 5) one untreated control plot. Each treatment plot was 1 ha, 100 m à 100 m. The plots were measured and managed at irregular intervals, ranging from 7 to 15 years. In 2007â2008 the even-aged treatments and the diameter limit cut were repeated and a new rotation started. Mean annual volume increment during the whole observation period differed widely between the treatments, partly because of differences in species composition over time, with treatment clear-cutting followed by planting at the top, and the control at the bottom. Treatment selection system gave only about 60% of planting, but this was probably largely an effect of too small growing stock during the first roughly 50 years. When the growing stock was increased, periodic annual volume increment increased to about 80% of the mean annual volume increment in the even-aged, planted plot.Picea abiesPinus sylvestri

Making limb and nadir measurements comparable: A common volume study of PMC brightness observed by Odin OSIRIS and AIM CIPS

Combining limb and nadir satellite observations of Polar Mesospheric Clouds (PMCs) has long been recognized as problematic due to differences in observation geometry, scattering conditions, and retrieval approaches. This study offers a method of comparing PMC brightness observations from the nadir-viewing Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM) Cloud Imaging and Particle Size (CIPS) instrument and the limb-viewing Odin Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imaging System (OSIRIS). OSIRIS and CIPS measurements are made comparable by defining a common volume for overlapping OSIRIS and CIPS observations for two northern hemisphere (NH) PMC seasons: NH08 and NH09. We define a scattering intensity quantity that is suitable for either nadir or limb observations and for different scattering conditions. A known CIPS bias is applied, differences in instrument sensitivity are analyzed and taken into account, and effects of cloud inhomogeneity and common volume definition on the comparison are discussed. Not accounting for instrument sensitivity differences or inhomogeneities in the PMC field, the mean relative difference in cloud brightness (CIPS - OSIRIS) is −102 ± 55%. The differences are largest for coincidences with very inhomogeneous clouds that are dominated by pixels that CIPS reports as non-cloud points. Removing these coincidences, the mean relative difference in cloud brightness reduces to −6 ± 14%. The correlation coefficient between the CIPS and OSIRIS measurements of PMC brightness variations in space and time is remarkably high, at 0.94. Overall, the comparison shows excellent agreement despite different retrieval approaches and observation geometries

Gastric Bypass Promotes More Lipid Mobilization Than a Similar Weight Loss Induced by Low-Calorie Diet

Background. Recently, we found large reductions in visceral and subcutaneous fat one month after gastric bypass (GBP), without any change in liver fat content. Purpose. Firstly to characterize weight loss-induced lipid mobilization after one month with preoperative low-calorie diet (LCD) and a subsequent month following GBP, and secondly, to discuss the observations with reference to our previous published findings after GBP intervention alone. Methods. 15 morbidly obese women were studied prior to LCD, at GBP, and one month after GBP. Effects on metabolism were measured by magnetic resonance techniques and blood tests. Results. Body weight was similarly reduced after both months (mean: −8.0 kg, n = 13). Relative body fat changes were smaller after LCD than after GBP (−7.1 ± 3.6% versus −10 ± 3.2%, P = .029, n = 13). Liver fat fell during the LCD month (−41%, P = .001, n = 13) but was unaltered one month after GBP (+12%). Conclusion. Gastric bypass seems to cause a greater lipid mobilization than a comparable LCD-induced weight loss. One may speculate that GBP-altered gastrointestinal signalling sensitizes adipose tissue to lipolysis, promoting the changes observed

Critical role for hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 in the AIF-mediated apoptosis

This study establishes HCN2 channels as physiological relevant ‘calcium gates' that mediate apoptosis-inducing factor-dependent cell death in cancer and primary neuronal cells