Age at diagnosis in FTD.

<p>(A) Age at diagnosis in FTD cases registered in SveDem 2008–2011. (B) The proportion of FTD cases in each age group in the total FTD cohort (blue bars), compared to those cases diagnosed in specialist centres where investigations included cognitive testing and structural or functional imaging (red bars) and cases that had performed lumbar puncture with CSF analysis (green bars).</p

Age-related incidence in FTD and AD.

<p>The figures show the incidence of FTD (A; blue bars) and AD (B; red bars) in relation to age (years). Values for incidence are given as cases per 100 000 person-years in each 5 year age cohort.</p

Diagnosis, age at diagnosis and gender distribution in SveDem 2008-11.

<p>Data are n (%) for diagnoses, mean age (range) and the female (F)/male (M) distribution percentage (p-value). Statistical differences in gender distribution was calculated by a binomial test, see Methods. AD  =  Alzheimer's disease, VaD  =  Vascular dementia, FTD  =  Frontotemporal dementia, DLB  =  Dementia with Lewy bodies, PDD  =  Parkinson disease dementia, Other  =  Dementia of other causes, Dementia NS  =  Dementia not specified.</p

Family history in FTD and AD.

<p>The data shown in (A) represents the response to questions on the presence of dementia in first-degree and second-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with AD (blue bars) and FTD (red bars). In (B), the responses in FTD cases are divided into age cohorts: 39–64, 65–80, and 81–96 years. For classification purposes, the responses were divided into three categories: Positive family history (Yes), negative family history (No/None known) and Not known (reserved for when questions about family history have not been asked alternatively no response registered).</p

Cortical thinning in bvFTD patients.

<p>Results of the comparison of cortical thickness between patients with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia and healthy controls. Results are from the Freesurfer analysis, results of the general linear model analysis were corrected for multiple comparisons at the cluster level using the Monte Carlo method for p-cluster at <i>p</i> < 0.01 (z-vertex 2.0). No nuisance variables were entered into the model. Coloured areas represent areas of significant differences, where warmer colours represent cortical thickening and cooler colours cortical thinning. Scale bar represents <i>p</i> on a logarithmic scale. The upper row is the right hemisphere, the lower row is left hemisphere, from lateral, medial and inferior views.</p

Graphical representations of the tracts studied.

<p>Sagittal (upper) and coronal (lower) view. The uncinate fasciculus (green), the anterior cingulum (orange), the inferior frontooccipital fasciculus (light blue) and the forceps minor (dark blue). Tracts are from TrackVis, overlaid on high resolution images for illustrative purposes.</p

Frontal Behavioural Inventory and FA of tracts.

<p>Scatter plots of Frontal Behavioural Inventory composite score of items 12–22 (FBI^12-22) and fractional anisotropy (FA) of tracts in patients with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) (dots) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) (triangles), for A: the right uncinate fasciculus, B: the left uncinate fasciculus, C: the anterior cingulum and D: the forceps minor. B (adjusted) and <i>p</i> are derived from the linear regression model, with age as covariate.</p

Cortical thickness and Hayling error score correlations.

<p>Correlations between cortical thickness and total error score on the Hayling test in patients with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia and progressive supranuclear palsy using Freesurfer. Correction for multiple comparisons was made using the Monte Carlo method at the cluster level, at <i>p</i> < 0.01 (z-vertex 1.3). Age was entered as a nuisance variable. Coloured areas represent significant negative correlations, with the scale bar representing <i>p</i> on a logarithmic scale. Only the right hemisphere is shown, from lateral, medial and inferior views. No regions with significant correlation with cortical thickness were detected in the left hemisphere.</p

Boxplots of FA values of tracts studied.

<p>HC: healthy controls, PSP: progressive supranuclear palsy, bvFTD: behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia. FA: fractional anisotropy. FM: forceps minor, UF: uncinate fasciculus, IFOF: inferior frontooccipital fasciculus, aCi: anterior cingulum. Rh: right hemisphere and lh: left hemisphere. Boxes represent 25^th and 75^th percentile with median, whiskers minimum and maximum value. Staples represent statistically significant differences in between group pairs, at <i>p</i> < 0.05, uncorrected for multiple comparisons.</p

Striatal size correlated with a measure of disease severity—FTLD-CDR-SB.

<p>Shape change for correlations with Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Clinical Disease Rating—Sum of Boxes (FTLD-CDR-SB) in the bvFTD group only. For ease of reference, we present the data by structure (caudate or putamen), with medial and lateral views of the structure shown as labelled. These include the Pearson correlation coefficient colour maps (on the left) and <i>p</i>-value shape significance maps (middle and right). Pearson correlation coefficient colour maps are provided to visualise degree of positive and negative correlation of the surface in that region. Warmer colours (such as red) corresponding to negative correlation coefficients, and cooler colours (such as blue) to positive correlation coefficients. With the <i>p</i>-value colour significance scale, warmer colours refer to smaller <i>p</i>-values (less than 0.05), with the blue colour corresponding to <i>p</i>-values above 0.05. Both ‘raw’ p-values and p-values corrected for False Discovery Rate (FDR) are shown.</p