Integrated clinicopathologic and molecular analysis of endometrial carcinoma: Prognostic impact of the new ESGO-ESTRO-ESP endometrial cancer risk classification and proposal of histopathologic algorithm for its implementation in clinical practice

IntroductionThe European Society of Gynecologic Oncology/European Society of Radiation Therapy and Oncology/European Society of Pathology (ESGO/ESTRO/ESP) committee recently proposed a new risk stratification system for endometrial carcinoma (EC) patients that incorporates clinicopathologic and molecular features. The aim of the study is to compare the new ESGO/ESTRO/ESP risk classification system with the previous 2016 recommendations, evaluating the impact of molecular classification and defining a new algorithm for selecting cases for molecular analysis to assign the appropriate risk class.MethodsThe cohort included 211 consecutive EC patients. Immunohistochemistry and next-generation sequencing were used to assign molecular subgroups of EC: POLE mutant (POLE), mismatch repair deficient (MMRd), p53 mutant (p53abn), and no specific molecular profile (NSMP).ResultsImmuno-molecular analysis was successful in all cases, identifying the four molecular subgroups: 7.6% POLE, 32.2% MMRd, 20.9% p53abn, and 39.3% NSMP. The recent 2020 guidelines showed a 32.7% risk group change compared with the previous 2016 classification system: the reassignment is due to POLE mutations, abnormal p53 expression, and a better definition of lymphovascular space invasion. The 2020 system assigns more patients to lower-risk groups (42.2%) than the 2016 recommendation (25.6%). Considering the 2020 risk classification system that includes the difference between “unknown molecular classification” and “known,” the integration of molecular subgroups allowed 6.6% of patients to be recategorized into a different risk class. In addition, the use of the proposed algorithm based on histopathologic parameters would have resulted in a 62.6% reduction in molecular analysis, compared to applying molecular classification to all patients.ConclusionApplication of the new 2020 risk classification integrating clinicopathologic and molecular parameters provided more accurate identification of low-and high-risk patients, potentially allowing a more specific selection of patients for post-operative adjuvant therapy. The proposed histopathologic algorithm significantly decreases the number of tests needed and could be a promising tool for cost reduction without compromising prognostic stratification

Uterine sarcomas: clinical and sonographic characteristics

Obiettivo: descrivere le caratteristiche ecografiche e flussimetriche dei sarcoma uterini Materiali e Metodi: Dall'archivio anatomopatologico di due cliniche Universitarie sono state reclutate retrospettivamente tutte le pazienti con diagnosi anatomopatologica di sarcoma uterino. Tutte le cartelle cliniche, le immagini e i filmati digitalizzati sono stati analizzati e dati raccolti in un database. Risultati: Sono stati inclusi nello studio 49 casi, che comprendono 17 leiomiosarcoma, 14 sarcoma dello stroma endometriale e 18 carcinosarcoma. L'età media alla diagnosi è stata 62 anni (range 35-87). L'ottanta per cento delle pazienti erano in menopausa al momento della diagnosi. Circa la metà delle pazienti presentavano sanguinamento anomalo e il 20% dolore pelvico. La maggior parte delle lesioni sono apparse iso-ipoecogene, senza coni d’ombra (47/49;96%). Conclusioni: I sarcomi uterini sono un gruppo eterogeneo di tumori che presentano aspetti ecografici diversi anche in relazione all’istotipo. Conoscere le diverse caratteristiche può essere utile ai fini di una corretta diagnosi. Nel nostro studio l’assenza dei coni d’ombra risulta essere l’aspetto più significativo.Objectives: To describe the gray-scale and Color-doppler sonographic features of uterine sarcomas. Methods: consecutive patients with a histological diagnosis of uterine sarcoma were retrospectively recruited from the databases of two gynecologic oncology Departments. The sonographic reports and the digital images were analysed. Results: Forty-nine cases were included in the study: 17 leiomyiosarcoma, 14 endometrial stromal sarcoma and 18 carcinosarcoma. Median age of the patient population was 62 years (range 35-87). Half of the cases presented abnormal uterine bleeding and 20% pelvic pain. 47/49 (96%) lesions appeared as iso-hypoechoic, without cones of shadow. Conclusions: Uterine sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of tumours showing a range of preoperative sonographic aspects depending on the histological subtype. Knowledge of the spectrum of sonographic findings might help in suspecting these malignant tumours at ultrasound. Opposite to the most common benign uterine mesenchimal tumors (leyomiomas), they never show cones of shadow

Laparoscopic treatment of interstitial twin pregnancy

Objective: To describe a conservative management by laparoscopy of an unusual interstitial twin pregnancy. Design: Case report. Setting: University hospital. Patient(s): A 27-year-old woman, pregnant at 6th week of amenorrhea with interstitial twin pregnancy. Intervention(s): The woman was submitted to two- and three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound and to diagnostic hysteroscopy. Subsequently, we performed a laparoscopic procedure: conical exeresis of the uterine cornu using a monopolar hook without involving the uterine cavity. Main Outcome Measure(s): Conservation of the uterus, fertility preservation. Result(s): Successful conservative treatment of interstitial twin pregnancy. Conclusion(s): Conservative laparoscopic surgery can be used successfully in hemodynamically stable patients with an interstitial pregnanc

Accuracy of three-dimensional ultrasound in diagnosis and classification of congenital uterine anomalies

Objective: To assess the accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound in the diagnosis of congenital uterine anomalies. Design: Prospective study. Setting: University hospital. Patient(s): Nulliparae with three or more consecutive miscarriages. Intervention(s): All women underwent 3D transvaginal ultrasound study of the uterine cavity. Main Outcome Measure(s): Women with negative ultrasound findings subsequently underwent office hysteroscopy, whereas a combined laparoscopic-hysteroscopic assessment was performed in cases of suspected Müllerian anomaly. Result(s): A specific Müllerian malformation was sonographically diagnosed in 54 women of the 284 included in the study group. All negative ultrasound findings were confirmed at office hysteroscopy. Among the women with abnormal ultrasound findings, the presence of a Müllerian anomaly was endoscopically confirmed in all. Concordance between ultrasound and endoscopy around the type of anomaly was verified in 52 cases, including all those with septate uterus and two out of three with bicornuate uterus. Conclusion(s): Volume transvaginal ultrasound appears to be extremely accurate for the diagnosis and classification of congenital uterine anomalies and may conveniently become the only mandatory step in the assessment of the uterine cavity in patients with a history of recurrent miscarriage

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in apparently low risk pregnancies: retrospective analysis of the last five years at the University of Bologna

Objective.To provide recent figures on the occurrence of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) from a Teaching Hospital. Study Design.A retrospective casecontrol study was conducted in a tertiary level university hospital with more than 3000 deliveries annually. Twenty-four cases of NHIE that occurred in apparently low-risk pregnancies were analysed and compared to a group of controls for the most common labor variables. Odds ratios (OR) and 95 confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results.Of 15,371 apparently low-risk deliveries, 24 cases of NHIE were observed (0.16), with perinatal death or cerebral palsy occurring in nine of these cases (0.06). The following intra-partum variables were significantly more common in cases than in controls: stained amniotic fluid (OR: 7.50; 95 CI:1.7731.79), maternal fever (none in the control group), abnormal CTG (OR: 253.0; 95 CI: 26.702397), persistent occiput posterior (OR: 15.67; 95 CI: 2.25104.53) and operative delivery (OR: 3.98; 95 CI: 1.3911.33). Conclusion.The incidence of NHIE is considerably low in a Tertiary care Centre

Classification Systems of Endometrial Cancer: A Comparative Study about Old and New

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy of the female reproductive organs. Historically it was divided into type I and type II, until 2013 when the Cancer Genome Atlas molecular classification was proposed. Here, we applied the different classification types on our endometrial cancer patient cohort in order to identify the most predictive one. We enrolled 117 endometrial cancer patients available for the study and collected the following parameters: age, body mass index, stage, menopause, Lynch syndrome status, parity, hypertension, type of localization of the lesion at hysteroscopy, type of surgery and complications, and presence of metachronous or synchronous tumors. The tumors were classified according to the European Society for Medical Oncology, Proactive Molecular Risk Classifier for Endometrial Cancer, Post-Operative Radiation Therapy in Endometrial Carcinoma, and Cancer Genome Atlas classification schemes. Our data confirmed that European Society for Medical Oncology risk was the strongest predictor of prognosis in our cohort. The parameters correlated with poor prognosis were the histotype, FIGO stage, and grade. Our study cohort shows that risk stratification should be based on the integration of histologic, clinical, and molecular parameters