Urinary bisphenol-A, phthalate metabolites and body composition in US adults, NHANES 1999–2006

<p><b>Background:</b> Exposure to bisphenol-A (BPA) and phthalates is highly prevalent. Prior studies have not assessed associations between urinary levels of BPA and phthalate metabolites and body composition. <b>Methods:</b> National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 1999 to 2006 on adults aged ≥20 were analyzed by linear regression for associations between urinary BPA, monoethyl phthalate, monobutyl phthalate (MBP), monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), and monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) and lean mass, fat mass, and percent body fat. <b>Results:</b> BPA and phthalate metabolites were not independently associated with fat mass or percent body fat. Significant inverse associations were observed with lean mass, with the strongest association observed for BPA in men (mean lean mass 1.39 kg lower for quartile 4 vs. quartile 1, <i>p</i> trend = 0.02). <b>Conclusions:</b> BPA and some phthalates could have important, negative effects on muscle and may affect conditions related to deficits in lean mass, though additional research is needed.</p

Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants from the Nurses' Health Study and Women's Health Study

<p>Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants from the Nurses' Health Study and Women's Health Study</p

Interaction between A10398G, Alcohol Consumption, and Breast Cancer Risk in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and the Women's Health Study (WHS)

*<p>Unconditional logistic regression controlling for fasting status, date and time of blood draw, age, body mass index (at blood draw and age 18), menopausal status, family history of breast cancer and history of benign breast disease. P-interaction = 0.03</p>**<p>Unconditional logistic regression controlling for age, history of benign breast disease and family history of breast cancer. P-interaction = 0.95</p

Baseline characteristics of women according to the self-reported number of cutaneous nevi.

<p>Based on information collected in the 1986 questionnaire unless specified otherwise.</p><p>MET, metabolic equivalent of task; SD, standard deviation.</p

The number of cutaneous nevi and breast cancer risk by estrogen and progesterone receptor status.

a<p>Adjusted for age, menopausal status, age at menarche, parity and age at first birth, body mass index, body mass index at age 18 y, height, physical activities, multivitamin use, family history of breast cancer in a first-degree relative, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, self-report of benign breast disease, as well as duration of menopause and hormone use among postmenopausal women.</p

Age and age-adjusted characteristics of 3,968 women in the Nurses' Health Study by telomere length (<i>z</i>-score), 1989–1990.^a,b

<p>Age and age-adjusted characteristics of 3,968 women in the Nurses' Health Study by telomere length (<i>z</i>-score), 1989–1990.^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0052240#nt102" target="_blank">a,b</a>}</p

Associations among body mass index, type 2 diabetes, and their respective genetic risk scores, Nurses' Health Study, 1989–1990.

<p>Associations among body mass index, type 2 diabetes, and their respective genetic risk scores, Nurses' Health Study, 1989–1990.</p

Least squares mean telomere length (<i>z</i>-score) and 95% CI by genetic risk scores of common risk variants associated with higher body mass index or type 2 diabetes, Nurses' Health Study, 1989–1990.

<p>Least squares mean telomere length (<i>z</i>-score) and 95% CI by genetic risk scores of common risk variants associated with higher body mass index or type 2 diabetes, Nurses' Health Study, 1989–1990.</p

Concordance of F statistics derived from 1020 fresh-frozen TCGA and 326 FFPE NHS samples.

<p>Tests are for the 3 d.f. tests of common mean expression over ER+, ER-, PR+, PR- tumors, for 17 genes of the Oncotype Dx breast cancer expression signature. Spearman's r = 0.85, p < 10^-10. The guiding line is a robust regression fit with least trimmed squares.</p

Results of fQTL analysis applied to all breast tumor and adjacent normal samples.

<p>Results of fQTL analysis applied to all breast tumor and adjacent normal samples.</p