Comparison between serosorters (score> = 4) and non-serosorters (score< = 1) at baseline visit within the EXPLORE serosorting subcohort (n = 2623).

<p>Comparison between serosorters (score> = 4) and non-serosorters (score< = 1) at baseline visit within the EXPLORE serosorting subcohort (n = 2623).</p

Distribution of seropositioning and serosorting scores.

<p>Distribution of seropositioning and serosorting scores.</p

Predictors of HIV seroconversion in the EXPLORE seropositioning subcohort.

<p>Adjusted for race, number male partners, self-reported gonorrhea, depression, alcohol or drug use before sex, amphetamine use.</p

Predictors of HIV seroconversion in the EXPLORE serosorting subcohort.

<p>Adjusted for race, number male partners, self-reported gonorrhea, depression, alcohol or drug use before sex, amphetamine use.</p

PrEP uptake and follow-up in three PrEP delivery programs in San Francisco.

<p>Data through September 2013.</p>a<p>Includes medical and behavioral eligibility and program eligibility based on health insurance coverage.</p

Multinomial logistic regression of covariates with sexual behavior (includes all visits)¹.

<p>¹controlled by city; CAS-condomless anal sex</p><p>Multinomial logistic regression of covariates with sexual behavior (includes all visits)<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0118281#t002fn001" target="_blank">¹</a>.</p

Core components of PrEP delivery programs in San Francisco.

<p>Ag/Ab, antigen/antibody; CrCl, creatinine clearance; FTC/TDF, emtricitabine/tenofovir; MSM, men who have sex with men; NAAT, nucleic-acid amplification test; PrEP, pre-exposure prophylaxis; STD, sexually transmitted disease.</p

Demographic and behavioral characteristics of HPTN 061 participants by seroprotective behavior at baseline.

<p>¹ Participants who are HIV negative, biological male and reported seroprotective behaviors at baseline are included in the table. Data on behavioral characteristics at baseline missing for 34 participants (total cohort N = 1144). CAS—Condomless anal sex</p><p>Demographic and behavioral characteristics of HPTN 061 participants by seroprotective behavior at baseline.</p

Bimodal Protection of <i>KIR3DS1</i>/<i>HLA-B Bw4-80I</i> in HIV-1 Infection

<p>Flow chart illustrating the dual protection conferred by <i>KIR3DS1</i>/<i>Bw4-80I</i> in the natural history of HIV-1 infection: early control of HIV-1 viral load, and late specific defense against opportunistic infections. There is no effect of this genotype on the development of AIDS-related malignancies.</p

LD of <i>CUL5</i> SNPs in AA and EA

<p>LD of <i>CUL5</i> SNPs is shown in AA (A) and EA (B). Pairwise D′ plots were generated using Haploview with its standard color scheme. Dark-red squares indicate high D′ values, light-blue squares indicate high D′ values with low LOD scores, and light-red and white squares indicate low D′ values. D′ values were indicated for those not equal to 1.0. A single LD block was defined for both AA and EA under the default confidence interval criteria. A reduced-medium network for the genealogical relationship of <i>CUL5</i> haplotypes is shown in AA (C) and EA (D). The network was inferred in terms of mutational distance, on the basis of 12 <i>CUL5</i> SNPs and one chimpanzee (Chimp) sequence. Median vector (mv1), the consensus sequences inferred by parsimony criteria, represents possible unsampled sequences or extinct ancestral sequences. Haplotypes (H1–H11) are represented by circles, whose area reflects the number of alleles observed in each population. The solid branches between haplotypes represent mutational events or SNPs (S1–S12). The circles in green show haplotypes with detrimental effect and those in blue show protective effect on AIDS progression in the Cox model analysis; the protective effect of H3 in light blue was of less certainty (see <a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.0030019#s2" target="_blank">Results</a>). The haplotypes were separated into two clusters, cluster I and II, carrying ctSNP5 A or G, respectively. Cluster I and II in AA are shaded in blue and green, respectively. SNP2 is omitted in (B) and (D) as it was absent in EA.</p