7 research outputs found

    Twenty four hour and sleep core temperature.

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    <p>Mean 24 h (white column) and sleep (gray column) core temperatures were 37.0±0.2 (°C), 36.7±0.2 (°C) respectively on WM, and 37.1±0.2 (°C), 36.8±0.2 (°C) respectively on OF; both mean 24 h core temperature and sleep core temperature did not differ between WM and OF (p = 0.7 and p = 0.5), but mean 24 h core temperature were higher than sleep core temperature both on WM and OF (p = 0.008 and p = 0.008). Temperature data are means ± SD. Paired t-test was used to analyze differences between diets.</p

    Comparison of sedentary time between weight maintenance diet (WM) and overfeeding diet (OF) and the correlation of sedentary time with age and weight gain during OF.

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    <p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0036225#pone-0036225-g004" target="_blank">Figure 4A</a>, Sedentary time shown on the inpatient unit and in the chamber on WM (70.9±12.9% and 74.6±10.6%, respectively)and on OF (72.0±7.4% and 78.4±6.6%, respectively). Sedentary time did not differ between WM Vs. OF on the inpatient unit or in the chamber, but increased while in the chamber vs. on the inpatient unit while on OF (p = 0.0005), not on WM. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0036225#pone-0036225-g004" target="_blank">Figure 4B.</a>, Sedentary time was positively associated with weight gain during OF (r = 0.51, p = 0.03); <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0036225#pone-0036225-g004" target="_blank">Fig. 4C.</a>, Sedentary time shown in 24 hours in those with weight gain in top 10 and in bottom 10 percentile during OF. Time shown starting at midnight (0 on x-axis). Data shown as means ± SD. Comparison of sedentary time between diets analyzed using paired t-test; comparison between sedentary time on inpatient unit vs. chamber analyzed using t-test. R values are Pearson correlations.</p

    On admission volunteers were started on a standard weight maintaining diet for 4 days.

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    <p>On days 5–7 volunteers were randomized to continue on their weight maintaining diet (WM) for an additional 3 days or start 3 days of an overfeeding diet (OF) equal to 150% of their weight maintenance diet in calories. During each 3 day diet period volunteers also wore accelerometers. On the final day of the WM or OF periods, volunteers were placed in the respiratory chamber for 24 hours for measurement of energy expenditure and they received the core temperature capsule. On days 8–10, ad libitum food was assessed using the automated vending machine. Following the 3 days of ad libitum food intake, volunteers resumed their weight maintaining diet for 3 days (as a wash out period) followed by another 3 days of either the WM or OF diet and once again followed by 3 days of ad libitum food intake using the vending machines.</p

    Energy and Macronutrient Intake, Energy Expenditure and Non-exercise activity.

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    <p>Data are means (SD) or median (25%–75%) percentile. D1, D2 and D3, day 1, day 2 and day3 on WT or OF diet.</p>**<p>P<0.01,</p>*<p>P<0.05,</p><p>P values are analyzed using paired T-test to compare WT and OF diets.</p

    Subject characteristics.

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    <p>M = Males, F = females; NGR, normal glucose regulation status; IGR, impaired glucose regulation status. Data are means (SD) or median (25%–75%) percentile; Weight change calculated as the difference of morning body weight between the next day finishing WT or OF diet and the day starting WT or OF diet.</p

    Fasting Circulating Hormones Concentrations prior to and following each Diet.

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    <p>Data are means (SD) or median (25%–75%) percentile. WM = weight maintaining diet; OF = overfeeding diet; A-ghrelin = active ghrelin; T-ghrelin = total ghrelin; GLP-1 = glucagon like peptide 1; PYY = pancreatic polypeptide Y<sub>3–36.</sub> P values are analyzed by using paired t-test for A-ghrelin and Wilcoxon test for Threlin, Leptin, GLP-1 and PYY between WM and OF diets comparing the hormone difference before and after each diet.</p

    Mean daily energy and macronutrient intake following weight maintenance diet (WM) and overfeeding diet (OF).

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    <p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0036225#pone-0036225-g002" target="_blank">Fig. 2A</a>. Daily energy intake during the study for each day. Ad libitum mean daily energy intake was 4061±1084 (kcal/d) following WM, and 3926±1284 (kcal/d) following OF. There was no difference in mean of daily energy intake (p = 0.4) between WM vs. OF. A decline in energy intake over 3 day ad libitum food intake period following OF is noted, but the trend was not significant (p = 0.9). <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0036225#pone-0036225-g002" target="_blank">Fig. 2B</a>. Mean of daily carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake were 484±126 (g/d), 138±42 (g/d), 183±61 (g/d) following WM, and 477±156 (g/d), 129±45 (g/d), and 173±74 (g/d) following OF. No difference was found in carbohydrate (p = 0.7), protein (p = 0.2) or fat (p = 0.3) intake between WM vs. OF. All data are means ± SD. Paired t-test was used to analyze differences between diets.</p
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