Timing of shifts detected using STARS, given time series of indices.

<p>Timing of shifts detected using STARS, given time series of indices.</p

The Baltic Sea with the study area, the Baltic Proper (dark).

<p>The Baltic Sea with the study area, the Baltic Proper (dark).</p

Results of the Principal Component Analyses, with the first and second principal component (PC1 and PC2).

<p>The first column shows the dependencies between variable – (A and C) (for detailed values see Tab. S4 in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0075439#pone.0075439.s001" target="_blank">File S1</a>) the second column shows temporal trend PC1 and PC2 axis scores (B and D). Rows show the results of analyses of data sets including: model forcing (A and B), and modeled biomass (C and D), respectively. Vertical lines on PC components time trajectory represents shifts tested by the regime shift analysis. Please note that the scale differs between axes.</p

Ecological Network Indicators of Ecosystem Status and Change in the Baltic Sea

<div><p>Several marine ecosystems under anthropogenic pressure have experienced shifts from one ecological state to another. In the central Baltic Sea, the regime shift of the 1980s has been associated with food-web reorganization and redirection of energy flow pathways. These long-term dynamics from 1974 to 2006 have been simulated here using a food-web model forced by climate and fishing. Ecological network analysis was performed to calculate indices of ecosystem change. The model replicated the regime shift. The analyses of indicators suggested that the system’s resilience was higher prior to 1988 and lower thereafter. The ecosystem topology also changed from a web-like structure to a linearized food-web.</p></div

Traffic light plots representing the applied forcing and development of the simulated biomass from the different groups.

<p>The time series were transformed into quintiles and sorted according to the PC1 axis scores: (A) model forcing; (B) modeled biomass.</p

Timing of shifts detected using STARS, given time series of modeled biomass.

<p>Timing of shifts detected using STARS, given time series of modeled biomass.</p

Ecological indicators and ENA indices anomalies (note different scale) from 1974–2006.

<p>Ecological indicators and ENA indices anomalies (note different scale) from 1974–2006.</p

Coefficient of variation of used indices for given time period (regime).

<p>Coefficient of variation of used indices for given time period (regime).</p

Shifts in PC1 index detected by STARS.

<p>Shifts in PC1 index detected by STARS.</p

The structure of the food-web model, also indicating the fishing pressure (F) for the respective fisheries on the three fish species, pp – primary producers, juv – juvenile stanza of given fish species.

<p>Detritus pool is divided into two groups: detritus on the sediment (detritus (s)) and water column detritus (detritus (w)).</p