Properties of Carry Value Transformation

The notion of Carry Value Transformation (CVT) is a model of Discrete Deterministic Dynamical System. In this paper, we have studied some interesting properties of CVT and proved that (1) the addition of any two non-negative integers is same as the sum of their CVT and XOR values. (2) While performing the repeated addition of CVT and XOR of two non-negative integers "a" and "b" (where a >= b), the number of iterations required to get either CVT=0 or XOR=0 is at most the length of "a" when both are expressed as binary strings. A similar process of addition of Modified Carry Value Transformation (MCVT) and XOR requires a maximum of two iterations for MCVT to be zero. (3) An equivalence relation is defined in the set (Z x Z) which divides the CV table into disjoint equivalence classes.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures and 5 table

Time Stamped Proxy Blind Signature Scheme With Proxy Revocation Based on Discrete Logarithm Problem

Proxy blind signature combines both the properties of blind signature and proxy signature. In a proxy blind signature scheme, the proxy signer is allowed to generate a blind signature on behalf of the original signer. It is a protocol played by three parties in which a user obtains a proxy signer’s signature for a desired message and the proxy signer learns nothing about the message. During the verification of a proxy blind signature scheme, the verifier cannot get whether signing is within the delegation period or after delegation period. In this thesis a time stamped proxy blind signature scheme with proxy revocation is proposed which records the time stamp during the proxy signing phase and satisfies all the security properties of proxy blind signature i.e distinguishability, nonrepudiation, unforgeability, verifiability, identifiability, unlinkability, prevention of misuse. In a proxy revocation scheme, the original signer can terminate the delegation power of a proxy signer before the completion of delegation period. Proxy blind signature has wide applications in real life scenarios, such as, e-cash, e-voting and e-commerece applications

VIRTUAL LEARNING ON SWAYAM PLATFORM BY ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY STUDENTS DURING COVID-19: AN ANALYSIS

Democratization of education has formed the base for open and free education. The movement of Open Education is gaining its impetus through the emerging trends of new educational technologies. In the context of OER (Open Education Resource), the Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) concept is providing a framework for virtual classroom and collaborative learning. ‘Study Webs of Active Learning for Young Aspiring Minds’ (SWAYAM), as an Indian MOOC, has been providing several courses in various disciplines. The present study tries to analyse the courses in engineering and technology category on SWAYAM during the COVID-19 situation. The present study has critically analysed the courses. The analysis of present study shows the trends of learners’ interest in engineering and technology discipline. The present study summarizes that the most sought after area is computer science and engineering, followed by a multidisciplinary sub-category. The National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), is the course coordinator for a maximum number of courses, and IIT Kharagpur is that institute which provides maximum courses

Oral pyogenic granuloma: one reactive hyperplastic lesion of the gingiva

The term pyogenic granuloma refers to a disorder of the skin, oral mucosa and the gingiva, that usually presents as a solitary polypoid capillary hemangioma like growth often resulting from local irritation and trauma. It is manifested as an inflammatory response with similar characteristics to those of a granuloma. Different terminologies are used for this lesion by different investigators like, benign vascular tumor of pregnancy, granuloma pediculatum benignum, granuloma pyogenicum, Crocker and hartzell's disease. This lesion even if looks like a tumor, is non neoplastic in nature and present itself in various clinical and histological forms. Lack of association of pyogenic etiopathogenesis does not justify the use of terminology of pyogenic granuloma. In this article we are presenting a case series of pyogenic granuloma in different locations giving an insight into their myriad of etiologies and presenting the review of literature for its inclusion as one classified hyperplastic lesion of oral cavity

Accessory sulci and segmentation on the surface of the liver: a clinical pitfall

Diaphragmatic surface of liver is usually smooth but sometimes it is well marked by the sulci or indentations. Sometimes these sulci were so deep to be termed as fissures as they divide the lobe of liver into different segments. We report the case of accessory sulci along the Anterosuperior surface of the right lobe associated with Reidel’s lobe along the inferior border of the left lobe of same specimen. In another specimen, the sulci were so deep to be termed as fissures, which divides the caudate and quadrate lobe. Knowledge about the accessory sulci and lobes were necessary as they may appear as incidental finding during the laparoscopic examinations. Hence, it is very much promising to know about these sulci and lobes for hepatobiliary surgeons, anatomists and radiologists

Optimisation of Process Parameters for Vacuum Concentration and Foaming Behaviour of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) Gel

This study on Aloe vera gel was conducted to investigate the optimum condition for vacuum concentration in relation to its physicochemical properties and optimum foaming condition of the concentrated products which was used as raw material of foam mat drying. Twenty experiments were conducted for vacuum concentration at different temperature and time combinations. Solutions of numerical optimisation were obtained by using Design-Expert program 7.0 of stat-Ease software for the optimum concentration condition covering the criteria as temperature 55⁰C and time 60 min for concentration are- ascorbic acid 4.095%, total soluble solids  3.6 ºBx, total solids 3.7% , acidity 0.0698 % (as malic acid) and pH 4.97, while the experimental values at temperature 55⁰C and time 60 min for concentration were - ascorbic acid 4.167 % , total soluble solids 3.8 ºBx, total solids 4.0%, acidity 0.0737 % (as malic acid) and pH 4.96. For optimising the foaming behaviour of vacuum concentrated, optimised Aloe vera gel sixteen experiments were conducted using different selected additives [viz. pectin, glycerol monosterate and methyl cellulose (1:1), egg albumin and methyl cellulose (1:1), pectin and methyl cellulose (1:1)] in the concentration range of 0.25 to 1% (w/w). Similarly solutions for the optimum foaming condition were obtained by using same software covering the criteria as pectin and methyl cellulose concentration (1:1) 1% (w/w) are- foaming density 0.39 g/cm³, drainage volume 0.15 ml and expansion volume 122.53%, while the experimental values for pectin and concentration (1:1) 1% (w/w) were-foaming density 0.42 g/cm³, drainage volume 0.0 ml and expansion volume 123.21%. Biological activity of fresh Aloe vera gel can be preserved by concentrating upto 3.8 ºBx and converting the same into stable foam which exhibits foaming density 0.42 g/cm³, drainage volume 0.0 ml and expansion volume 123.21%

Application of surgical periodontics for accelerated orthodontic correction of class ll division l malocclusion with skeletal discrepancy

Background: There is a constant pursuit for substituting orthognathic surgical options by minimally invasive pre-orthodontic surgical procedures. Application of osseous resective surgery for alveolar reshaping is referred to here as "surgical periodontics for accelerated orthodontics". A parallel randomized clinical trial was designed to evaluate the clinical outcome of class 2 division 1 malocclusion with skeletal discrepancy using pre-orthodontic surgical procedures, comparing periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics with surgical periodontics for accelerated orthodontics.Methods: Twenty-four adult orthodontics patients selected for this study were randomly divided into 2 equal groups. One group was treated with periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics with augmentation grafting and the other was with surgical periodontics for accelerated orthodontics. These procedures were followed by fixed orthodontics treatment. Comparative evaluation of alveolar bone thickness was done by cone beam computed tomogram for both the groups.Results: The cephalometric parameters, A point nasion B point (ANB) angle and over jet of these subjects before and after the surgical interventions at three, six and twelve month’s intervals were compared to the base values, showing changes within 3 months when treated with surgical periodontics for accelerated orthodontics and within 6 months when treated with periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics, without significant change in periodontal supporting alveolar bone thickness.Conclusions: Surgical periodontics for accelerated orthodontics and periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics are effective pre-orthodontics surgical procedures for accelerating orthodontic treatment, without bringing any change in periodontal alveolar bone thickness

Comparative evaluation of non enzymatic antioxidants, vitamin C and albumin in patients suffering from different grades of periodontitis: a retrospective observational study

Background: Rate of degree of destruction of periodontium may be associated with the oxidative stress due to the imbalance of different serum antioxidants. The objective of this study is to compare the evaluated concentrations of non enzymatic antioxidants like vit-C, albumin levels and total antioxidant status, from the available data of patients with slowly and rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP). Methods: This retrospective observational study was confined to a study population, which include; 42 patients with RPP, 42 patients with slowly progressive periodontitis (SPP) and 86 healthy controls, in whom the required data were available. The levels of non enzymatic antioxidants like albumin, vitamin C and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of patients, suffering from RPP, are compared with SPP and healthy controls. Results: The values of serum albumin and vitamin-c levels in RPP even remaining within the normal ranges were found to be on the lower side, when compared with healthy controls. The systemic TAC levels were found to be at a lower side in both SPP and RPP, when compared with the healthy control group.   Conclusions: The systemic levels of non enzymatic antioxidants, vit C and albumin, in RPP were found to be on the lower side, even remaining within the normal ranges, when compared with the healthy controls. The TAC in SPP and RPP is also found to be on lower side, consistent with previous studies.

Transdermal Evaporation Drug Delivery System: Concept to Commercial Products

Since two decades or so transdermal route established itself as better alternative to traditional oral route. This is possible due to continuous innovations in transdermal drug delivery (TDD), which not only enables researchers from academia and industry to successfully develop and launch many new pharmaceuticals but also allow to include new classes of drugs that can be developed into transdermal formulations. These successes are achieved due to the use of novel techniques based on either physical or chemical approaches. However, both of these techniques suffer due to their own disadvantages. Comparatively, a simple method of supersaturation to enhance drug permeation across skin has created a new wave of interest. Even though the application supersaturated principle in topical and TDD has been used from 1960s, but proper control of drug release and formation of stable supersaturated states has been the core of intense research in the last decade. Out of various methods used to get supersaturated system, evaporation method is considered as most efficient and practically feasible for TDD. Therefore, in this review concept of supersaturation, selection of solvent system and the mechanism of inhibition of crystallization are discussed. Application of evaporation systems in the development of transdermal formulations such as solutions, semisolids and metered dose therapeutic systems (MDTS) and the commercial evaporative systems are also discussed in this review