147 research outputs found

    Efficient spatially-resolved multimode quantum memory

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    We propose a method that enables efficient storage and retrieval of a photonic excitation stored in an ensemble quantum memory consisting of Lambda-type absorbers with non-zero Stokes shift. We show that this can be used to implement a multimode quantum memory storing multiple frequency-encoded qubits in a single ensemble, and allowing their selective retrieval. The read-out scheme applies to memory setups based on both electromagnetically-induced transparency and stimulated Raman scattering, and spatially separates the output signal field from the control fields

    МодСль Π³ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ двигатСля. ВычислСния, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ ΠΈ испытания

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    На Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ час Ρ– Ρƒ ΠΌΠ°ΠΉΠ±ΡƒΡ‚Π½ΡŒΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ– Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ΡƒΠ½ΠΈ Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ–ΡˆΠΈΠΌΠΈ засобами Π²ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ Π½Π° ΠΎΡ€Π±Ρ–Ρ‚Ρƒ космічних транспортних Π°ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρ–Π². Π’ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ час Π½Π°ΠΉΠ²Π°ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ–ΡˆΠΎΡŽ вимогою ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ– Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ΡƒΠ½Π° Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈ Ρ” змСншСння Ρ—Ρ— вартості Ρ– максимальнС Π·Π±Ρ–Π»ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π³ΠΎΠ²Ρ–Π΄Π΄Π°Ρ‡Ρ–. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΡ… Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ΡƒΠ½Ρ–Π² - Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π³ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΠΉ Ρ– трудомісткий процСс, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡŽ якого Ρ” Π²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΡ†Ρ‚Π²ΠΎ дСшСвого Ρ– високоякісного Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ΡƒΠ½Π°, Ρ‰ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Ρ” ΠΌΡ–Π½Ρ–ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² Π½Π° Π½Π°Π²ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡˆΠ½Ρ” сСрСдовищС. Π‘Π»Ρ–Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‡ΠΈ Π·Π°Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΌ, Π’Π°Ρ€ΡˆΠ°Π²ΡΡŒΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π’Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΉ УнівСрситСт ΡΠΏΡ–Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π· Π’Π°Ρ€ΡˆΠ°Π²ΡΡŒΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π°Π²Ρ–Π°Ρ†Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Інститутом Ρ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΡƒ Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΊΡƒ Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΡ… Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ΡƒΠ½Ρ–Π². Π•ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π³Ρ–Π±Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ΡƒΠ½ Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈ Π±ΡƒΠ² Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ– Π²ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ для ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²Ρ–Ρ€ΠΊΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ— Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΠΈ Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°. Π”Π°Π½Π° стаття ΠΌΡ–ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ дослідТСння Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ΡƒΠ½Π° Π· ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΡŽΠ²Π°Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ Al/AN/HTPB, Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡŽΡ‡ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ†ΡŒΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΈΠΉ дослідний стСнд ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²Ρ–Ρ€ΠΊΠΈ Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Ρ–Π±Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ΡƒΠ½Π°. Основна ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π° Ρ†Ρ–Ρ”Ρ— Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈ – Ρ†Π΅ проСктування простого Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ΡƒΠ½Π° Π· Π½Π°ΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡŽ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŽ ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ подальшого Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΊΡƒ Ρ– ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ–ΠΏΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ.Now and in the foreseeable future rocket engine will be the most basic propulsion of space vehicle. Nowadays the most important condition in design of rocket engine is the cost reduction and increasing thrust to weight ratio as much as possible. The design of rocket engines is exhaustive and difficult process. It must produce low cost and high performance engine with minimal influence on the environment. Following these requirements, Warsaw University of Technology jointly with Institute of Aviation in Warsaw, started their own program on ecologically safe propulsion development. The experimental hybrid rocket motor has been designed and manufactured to test a new formula of solid fuel. The paper explores the performance and safety implications associated with the oxidizer enhanced Al/AN/HTPB grain by using of a laboratory scale hybrid rocket motor test stand. The main objective of this work was to design simple rocket engine that could smoothly be developed and possibly improved in the future.На Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ ΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ·Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΠΌ Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ самыми основными Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ установками космичСских транспортных срСдств. Π’ настоящСС врСмя самым Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ условиСм ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ двигатСля Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ‹ являСтся ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π΅ стоимости ΠΈ максимальноС ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ тяги ΠΊ вСсу. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ – ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠΈΠΉ процСсс, Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ являСтся производство дСшСвого ΠΈ высококачСствСнного двигатСля с ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ влияниСм Π½Π° ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΡƒΡŽ срСду. БлСдуя ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ трСбованиям, Π’Π°Ρ€ΡˆΠ°Π²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ВСхнологичСский УнивСрситСт совмСстно с Π’Π°Ρ€ΡˆΠ°Π²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π°Π²ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ институтом Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡƒ экологичСски бСзопасного развития Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… установок. Π­ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π±Ρ‹Π» Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ для ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒΠ»Ρ‹ Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°. Данная ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡ содСрТит исслСдования бСзопасной Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ двигатСля с окислитСлСм Al/AN/HTPB, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ этом Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈΡΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ стСнд ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠΊ Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ двигатСля. Основная Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒ этой Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ состоит Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ простого Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ двигатСля с ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ Π΅Π³ΠΎ дальнСйшСго развития ΠΈ ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ

    Modematching an optical quantum memory

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    We analyse the off-resonant Raman interaction of a single broadband photon, copropagating with a classical `control' pulse, with an atomic ensemble. It is shown that the classical electrodynamical structure of the interaction guarantees canonical evolution of the quantum mechanical field operators. This allows the interaction to be decomposed as a beamsplitter transformation between optical and material excitations on a mode-by-mode basis. A single, dominant modefunction describes the dynamics for arbitrary control pulse shapes. Complete transfer of the quantum state of the incident photon to a collective dark state within the ensemble can be achieved by shaping the control pulse so as to match the dominant mode to the temporal mode of the photon. Readout of the material excitation, back to the optical field, is considered in the context of the symmetry connecting the input and output modes. Finally, we show that the transverse spatial structure of the interaction is characterised by the same mode decomposition.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures. Brief section added treating the transverse spatial structure of the memory interaction. Some references added. A few typos fixe

    Creating diamond color centers for quantum optical applications

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    Nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have distinct promise as solid-state qubits. This is because of their large dipole moment, convenient level structure and very long room-temperature coherence times. In general, a combination of ion irradiation and subsequent annealing is used to create the centers, however for the rigorous demands of quantum computing all processes need to be optimized, and decoherence due to the residual damage caused by the implantation process itself must be mitigated. To that end we have studied photoluminescence (PL) from NVβˆ’^-, NV0^0 and GR1 centers formed by ion implantation of 2MeV He ions over a wide range of fluences. The sample was annealed at 600∘600^{\circ}C to minimize residual vacancy diffusion, allowing for the concurrent analysis of PL from NV centers and irradiation induced vacancies (GR1). We find non-monotic PL intensities with increasing ion fluence, monotonic increasing PL in NV0^0/NVβˆ’^- and GR1/(NV0^0 + NV1^1) ratios, and increasing inhomogeneous broadening of the zero-phonon lines with increasing ion fluence. All these results shed important light on the optimal formation conditions for NV qubits. We apply our findings to an off-resonant photonic quantum memory scheme using vibronic sidebands

    The estrogen receptor alpha:insulin receptor substrate 1 complex in breast cancer: structure-function relationships

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    Background: Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) is a signaling molecule that exerts a key role in mediating cross talk between estrogen receptor a (ERa) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in breast cancer cells. Previously, we demonstrated that a fraction of IRS-1 binds ERa, translocates to the nucleus, and modulates ERa-dependent transcription at estrogen response elements (ERE). Here, we studied structure–function relationships of the ERa:IRS-1 complex under IGF-1 and/or estradiol (E2) stimulation. Materials and methods: ERa and IRS-1 deletion mutants were used to analyze structural and functional ERa/IRS-1 interactions. IRS-1 binding to ERE and IRS-1 role in ERa-dependent ERE transcription was examined by chromatin immunoprecipitation and gene reporter analysis, respectively. The requirement for IRS-1 in ERa function was tested with RNAi technology. Results: Nuclear translocation of IRS-1 was induced by E2, IGF-1, and a combination of both stimuli. ERa/IRS-1 binding was direct and involved the activation function-1 (AF-1)/DNA binding domain (DBD) region of ERa and two discrete regions of IRS-1 (the N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain and a region within the C-terminus). IRS-1 knock down abrogated IGF-1-dependent transcriptional activity of unliganded ERa, but induced the activity of liganded ERa. Conclusions: ERa/IRS-1 interactions are direct and involve the ERa AF-1/DBD domain and IRS-1 domains mapping within N- and C-terminus. IRS-1 may act as a repressor of liganded ERa and coactivator of unliganded ERa

    Towards high-speed optical quantum memories

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    Quantum memories, capable of controllably storing and releasing a photon, are a crucial component for quantum computers and quantum communications. So far, quantum memories have operated with bandwidths that limit data rates to MHz. Here we report the coherent storage and retrieval of sub-nanosecond low intensity light pulses with spectral bandwidths exceeding 1 GHz in cesium vapor. The novel memory interaction takes place via a far off-resonant two-photon transition in which the memory bandwidth is dynamically generated by a strong control field. This allows for an increase in data rates by a factor of almost 1000 compared to existing quantum memories. The memory works with a total efficiency of 15% and its coherence is demonstrated by directly interfering the stored and retrieved pulses. Coherence times in hot atomic vapors are on the order of microsecond - the expected storage time limit for this memory.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure

    Measuring phonon dephasing with ultrafast pulses using Raman spectral interference

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    A technique to measure the decoherence time of optical phonons in a solid is presented. Phonons are excited with a pair of time-delayed 80 fs near infrared pulses via spontaneous transient Raman scattering. The spectral fringe visibility of the resulting Raman pulse pair, as a function of time delay, is used to measure the phonon dephasing time. The method avoids the need to use either narrow band or few femtosecond pulses and is useful for low phonon excitations. The dephasing time of phonons created in bulk diamond is measured to be Ο„=6.8 ps (Δν=1.56 cm-1). Β©2008 The American Physical Society

    Π“Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ \ газокислородный Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ°

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    Π₯Ρ–ΠΌΡ–Ρ‡Π½Ρ– Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ– Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ΡƒΠ½ΠΈ – Ρ” Ρ– Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ Ρƒ ΠΌΠ°ΠΉΠ±ΡƒΡ‚Π½ΡŒΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ±Ρ–Π»ΡŒΡˆ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎ використовуваними Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΡ–ΡΠΌΠΈ для транспортування Π½Π° ΠΎΡ€Π±Ρ–Ρ‚Ρƒ Π—Π΅ΠΌΠ»Ρ–. Π†Π½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†Ρ–ΠΉΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–ΠΉ, постійно Π·Ρ€ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‡Π΅ число супутників, які Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡ€Π±Ρ–Ρ‚Ρƒ Π·ΠΌΡƒΡˆΡƒΡ” Π²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΠΊΡ–Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡ— Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½Ρ–ΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ΡƒΠ½ΠΈ Π· Π±Ρ–Π»ΡŒΡˆ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π΄Ρ–Π°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ тяги Ρ– ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‰ΠΎΡŽ ΡΠΊΡ–ΡΡ‚ΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈ. Π— Ρ–Π½ΡˆΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠΊΡƒ, для ΠΌΡ–Π½Ρ–ΠΌΡ–Π·Π°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ— Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρƒ Π½Π° Π½Π°Π²ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡˆΠ½Ρ” сСрСдовищС Π² космічній промисловості, ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π±Π°Ρ‡Π°Ρ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ використання Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ–Π² ΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°. Одним Π· Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ–Π² ΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°, Ρ‰ΠΎ Ρ” Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΌ Ρ– Π³Π°Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΡƒΡ” якісну Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚Ρƒ, Ρ” ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π½. Π¦Π΅ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π² області інтСрСсів Π²ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Ρ–Ρ‚Π½ΡŒΠΎΡ— Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡ— Π³Π°Π»ΡƒΠ·Ρ–. Однак, Π½Π° ΡΡŒΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ–ΡˆΠ½Ρ–ΠΉ дСнь, лишС ΠΊΡ–Π»ΡŒΠΊΠ° Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ΡƒΠ½Ρ–Π², Ρ‰ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π½ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΉΡˆΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½Ρƒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²Ρ–Ρ€ΠΊΡƒ, Ρ‰ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡƒΡ” Π½Π° ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΡƒ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ… ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΡŒ Ρ†Ρ–Ρ”Ρ— Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½Ρ–ΠΊΠΈ.Π“ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π° статті полягає Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ, Ρ‰ΠΎΠ± ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»Ρ–Π·ΡƒΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ використання ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π½Ρƒ як ΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ²Π° для Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΡ… Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ΡƒΠ½Ρ–Π². Авторами Π· використанням ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ–Π² Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡ— Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ— Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡ–ΠΊΠΈ (CFD) ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ– обчислСння Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ΡƒΠ½Π°. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»Ρ–Π· Ρ” основою для проСктування Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΊΠ°. Π•ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π΅ дослідТСння Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ΡƒΠ½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π· ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡŽ підтвСрдТСння ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ– ΠΎΠ±Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΡŒ. Π£ ΠΌΠ°ΠΉΠ±ΡƒΡ‚Π½ΡŒΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡƒΡ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ випробовування систСми охолодТСння Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ΡƒΠ½Π°, Ρ‰ΠΎ Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅ Π·Π°Π²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρƒ.Chemical rocket engines are still and will be in the foreseeable future the most widely used means of propulsion systems in transportation into the earth's orbit. What is more, information technologies need more and more satellites constellations to be replenished. This forces the rocket industry to build rocket engines with wider range of thrust and better performance. On the other hand, in order to minimize the influence on the environment, ecologically-safe propellants are considered to be used in space industry [1]. One of propellants, which is ecologically-safe and guarantees good overall performance is methane. This fuel is in area of interests of world's rocket industry. However, till today only a few methane rocket engines were tested, so it seems to be a wide area of possible improvements in this field. The main aim of the paper will be to analyze the possibility of using methane as a fuel for the rocket engine. The authors made the computations of a model rocket engine, fueled by methane, using CFD method. The analysis stands as the basis for the design of a model rocket engine. Experimental research to check the calculations’ validity as well as testing of its cooling system will complete the design.Π₯имичСскиС Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΈ Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ·Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΠΌ, Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ установками для транспортирования Π½Π° ΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΈΡ‚Ρƒ Π—Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΠΈ. Π˜Π½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, постоянно растущСС число спутников, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° ΠΎΡ€Π±ΠΈΡ‚Ρƒ, Π²Ρ‹Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ с Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ тяги ΠΈ Π»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠΈΠΌ качСством Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹. Π‘ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΉ стороны, для ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ влияния Π½Π° ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΡƒΡŽ срСду Π² космичСской ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ, прСдполагаСтся использованиС экологичСски бСзопасных Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°. Одним ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ являСтся экологичСски-бСзопасным ΠΈ Π³Π°Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΊΠ°Ρ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρƒ, являСтся ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π½. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎ находится Π² области интСрСсов всСмирной Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ отрасли. Однако, Π½Π° сСгодняшний дСнь, лишь нСсколько Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π½, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π° ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡƒΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ этой Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Главная Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠΈ состоит Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ использования ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° для Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. Авторами с использованиСм ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² числСнной Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ (CFD) ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ вычислСния ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ двигатСля. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· являСтся основой для проСктирования ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Π°. Π­ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ исслСдованиС Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ двигатСля ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ с Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ подтвСрТдСния ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ вычислСний. Π’ Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΠΌ планируСтся испытаниС систСмы охлаТдСния Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ установки, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π·Π°Π²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π°

    Polyprenols Are Synthesized by a Plastidial cis-Prenyltransferase and Influence Photosynthetic Performance

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    Plants accumulate a family of hydrophobic polymers known as polyprenols, yet how they are synthesized, where they reside in the cell, and what role they serve is largely unknown. Using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model, we present evidence for the involvement of a plastidial cis-prenyltransferase (AtCPT7) in polyprenol synthesis. Gene inactivation and RNAi-mediated knockdown of AtCPT7 eliminated leaf polyprenols, while its overexpression increased their content. Complementation tests in the polyprenol-deficient yeast Ξ”rer2 mutant and enzyme assays with recombinant AtCPT7 confirmed that the enzyme synthesizes polyprenols of ~55 carbons in length using geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) and isopentenyl diphosphate as substrates. Immunodetection and in vivo localization of AtCPT7 fluorescent protein fusions showed that AtCPT7 resides in the stroma of mesophyll chloroplasts. The enzymatic products of AtCPT7 accumulate in thylakoid membranes, and in their absence, thylakoids adopt an increasingly β€œfluid membrane” state. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements from the leaves of polyprenol-deficient plants revealed impaired photosystem II operating efficiency, and their thylakoids exhibited a decreased rate of electron transport. These results establish that (1) plastidial AtCPT7 extends the length of GGPP to;55 carbons, which then accumulate in thylakoid membranes; and (2) these polyprenols influence photosynthetic performance through their modulation of thylakoid membrane dynamics
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