PRARANCANGAN PABRIK BIODIESEL DARI CRUDE PALM OIL (CPO) MENGGUNAKAN METODE PEMURNIAN DRY WASHING DENGAN KAPASITAS PRODUKSI 70.000 TON/TAHUN

ABSTRAKPrarancangan pabrik Biodiesel ini menggunakan crude palm oil (CPO) sebagai bahan baku. Kapasitas produksi pabrik Biodiesel ini adalah 70.000 ton/tahun dengan hari kerja 330 hari/tahun. Bentuk perusahaan yang direncanakan adalah Perseroan Terbatas (PT) dengan menggunakan metode struktur garis dan staf. Kebutuhan tenaga kerja untuk menjalankan perusahaan ini berjumlah 154 orang. Lokasi pabrik direncanakan didirikan di Jalan Tanggul Kecamatan Perbaungan Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai Provinsi Sumatera Utara dengan luas tanah 26.000 m2. Sumber air pabrik Biodiesel ini berasal dari Sungai Ular, Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai Provinsi Sumatera Utara dan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan listrik diperoleh dari Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) dan Generator dengan daya 1.270,46 kW.Hasil analisa ekonomi yang diperoleh adalah sebagai berikut : 1.Fixed Capital Investment (FCI)= Rp. 161.286.157.213,-2.Working Capital Investment (WCI)= Rp. 40.321.539.303,-3.Total Capital Investment (TCI)= Rp. 201.607.696.516,-4.Total Production Cost (TPC)= Rp. 1.049.337.237.784,-5.Sales Cost (SC)= Rp. 1.178.424.601.354,-6.Laba Bersih= Rp. 84.391.828.544,-7.Pay Out Time (POT)= 2 tahun 3 bulan8.Break Event Point (BEP)= 23%9.Internal Rate of Return (IRR)= 46

Purification of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil Using Bentonite as Dry Washing Agent

The process of biodiesel purification is an important step in getting biodiesel products that meet specifications as a substitute for fossil-based fuels. Dry washing method has been developed to achieve an effective purification strategy in order to produce high-quality biodiesel. Bentonite can be used as dry washing agent because it has a good adsorbing properties as well as a large pore and surface area therefore can attract polar substances such as glycerol and methanol. The purpose of this research is to know the capability of activated bentonite as dry washing agent for purification of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil. The activation process of bentonite was carried out using sulfuric acid with concentration 1.5 M. Characterization of the bentonite was conducted using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) for minerals content and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method for surface area. Bentonite was used as dry washing agent for biodiesel purification by varying washing time (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 minutes) and adsorbent amount (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5%). The experimental results showed that purification of biodiesel by dry washing using activated bentonite resulted in a better yield and quality than wet washing and dry washing using non-activated bentonite, except the acid number. The best operation condition resulted from this research is at 10 minutes washing time and 1% adsorbent with yield of 94.1%; acid number of 0.4208 mg KOH/gram; density of 0.8838 gram/cm3, viscosity of 3.0617 mm2/s and water content of 1.17%

Effect of Solid to Solvent Ratio and Extraction Time on Yield, Phytochemical Content and Physicochemical of Amla (Phyllanthus emblica) Seed Oil Extracted using Hexane

Amla (Phyllanthus emblica) seeds have only been disposed of as waste and have not been utilized optimally. Utilizing the seeds to produce oil has been regarded as a promising approach for reducing solid wastes and producing value-added products. This study evaluated the effect of solid to solvent ratio and extraction time on yield, phytochemical content and physicochemical of oil extracted from amla seed using hexane as a solvent. The amla seed oil was extracted through the solid-liquid process at different solid to solvent ratios (1:20, 1:25 and 1:30 g/mL) and extraction times (30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes). The highest yield found was 10.97% at a solid to solvent ratio of 1:30 (g/mL) and an extraction time of 120 minutes. The highest concentrations of phenolic compounds and flavonoids were 66.12 mg GAE/g and 95.70 mg QE/g respectively, obtained at a solid to solvent ratio of 1:25 (g/mL) and extraction time of 120 minutes. Physicochemical analysis (pH, density, acid number, free fatty acid, and peroxide number) showed that the quality of extracted oil was better than what the previous study reported. In the amla seed oil, the content of unsaturated fatty acids was higher than saturated fatty acids with linoleate as the main component. These results clarified that solid-liquid extraction method can be used for extracting amla seed oil and also indicated that amla seed oil can be used as an ingredient in health-related industry products

KINETIKA REAKSI GLISEROLISIS ASAM LEMAK BEBAS DALAM CRUDE PALM OIL (CPO) MENGGUNAKAN CRUDE GLISEROL

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