Socio-Economic Status of Rural Scheduled Caste Female Students in Higher Education

The present study is concerned with Scheduled Caste (SC) female students in higher education and its major focus is on socioeconomic background. It is indeed difficult to point the social and educational status of women including untouchability throughout Indian history till the down of the independence on the canvas of a limited space. To analyze the Socio-economic background of the SC female students in higher education,the area of the study has been confined to Tumkur town. The sample size of 250 students was drawn on the basis of simple random technique. The sample size was fixed in view of time and the availability of other resources. The major tool of collection of primary data has been the interview scheduled. The primary data collected from the students have been supplemented by relevant secondary data. Majority (98.80) of students are distributed in the younger or middle age group only a small 1.20 percent is in the older age group. Out of 250 respondents, the overwhelming majority (97.20) is unmarried and only a negligible 2.80 percent are a married. 234 (93.60%) respondents out of 250 belong to nuclear type families and a small 6.40 percent to extended families. Majority (60.40%) preferred Kannada as the medium of instructions for the present course while more than one third (39.60%) preferred English. This study is basically exploratory in nature. As such it cannot make tall climes about the relevance it its findings. But the prime motive of the study is SC women are institutional problems of the SCs including hour is to remodel or redesign our institutional arrangements

Preclinical study comparing the antidotal effect of clonidine with atropine for the treatment of acute malathion poisoning in the albino rats

Background: In developing countries 2–3 million people are acutely poisoned by organophosphorus (OP) pesticides every year. There is a pressing need for new affordable antidotes and in this context clonidine which has central effect (α2 agonist) has been evaluated in the albino rats presenting with signs or symptoms of acute malathion poisoning. And compared with atropine for the acte malathion poisoning in albino rats.Methods: This was a preclinical study conducted on albino rats of either sex weighing 100-150 grams were randomly divided into 4 groups (6/group). Malathion was given at the lethal dose of 54 mg/kg body weight (BW) by gavage to each group. Group 1: normal saline intraperioneal (i.p). Group 2: Post treated with atropine 1.5 mg/kg BW (i.p). Group 3: Pre treated with clonidine 1mg/ kg BW (i.p), 10 minutes priore malathion. Group 4: Pre treated with clonidine and post treated with atropine. The above groups were observed for straub tail, muscle fasciculation, piloerection, lacrimation, defecation/ urination; salivation, tremors, gasping and convulsion and were recorded at time 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after poisoning. The latency of onset of tremors, loss of righting reflex and tremors were recorded. Results were presented as percentage occurrence and Mean ± SEM. Repeated measure one way ANOVA and Fisher’s Least Significant Difference post hoc test for comparison between groups. P-value of 0.05 or less was considered for statistical significance.Results: The central effects namely straubs tail and whole body tremors are significantly improved compared to control and atropine with clonidine group (p<0.05). However convulsion shows improve in atropine alone and atropine with clonidine groups. The overall survival time has significantly increased compared to control and atropine and atropine with clonidine (P<0.05).Clonidine has not shown any effect on survival time.Conclusions: Clonidine has some central protective effect in malathion poisoning. And it has not shown any effect on survival time. This issue needs further controlled studies

To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of ramipril in albino rats

Background: Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a product of Renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS). Angiotensin‑II regulates vascular tone, stimulates the release of pro‑inflammatory cytokines, activates nuclear factor‑kappa B (NF‑κB), increases oxidant stress and functions as an inflammatory molecule. Ramipril an ACE inhibitor act by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme, decreases angiotensinogen II activity. Hence the present was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Ramipril.Methods: Eighteen Wistar albino rats weighing around 150-200gms of either sex were randomly selected from central animal facility and divided into three groups. The control group received normal saline 25ml/kg, standard group received Indomethacin 10mg/kg and test group received Ramipril (0.9mg/kg) orally for six days. The animals were subjected to carrageenan induced paw oedema and cotton pellet induced granuloma model.Results: Ramipril significantly decreased the mean paw oedema in carrageenan induced paw oedema when compared to control and in cotton pellet induced granuloma Ramipril decreased the mean granuloma weight when compared to control.Conclusions: Ramipril showed anti-inflammatory activity when given for 6 consecutive days per orally in albino rats in carrageenan induced paw oedema and cotton pellet induced granuloma model

To evaluate the effect of neostigmine on blood glucose levels in euglycemic albino rats through OGTT

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) consists of a group of syndromes characterised by hyperglycaemia, altered metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins and an increased risk of complications from vascular disease. There are genetic and environmental components that affect the risk of developing either type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: Twelve Swiss albino rats weighing around 150-200gmsof either sex were randomly selected from the central animal facility, JSSMC, Mysore and divided into two groups. The control group received distilled water (25ml/kg body wt.) per orally, test group received Neostigmine (0.5mg/kg/day) per orally for 5 days. On the fifth day, following overnight fasting, 1 hour after drug administration in all the group of rats OGTT was performed, by administering oral glucose in dose of 0.6gm/kg body weight. The capillary blood glucose level was measured at 0, 60 and 150 minutes, by rat tail snipping method using (ACCUCHEK) glucometer.Results: The Capillary Blood Glucose levels of Neostigmine group was less when compared to control group at all-time intervals.Conclusions: Neostigmine showed the hypoglycemic activity when given for 5 days orally in euglycemic albino rats through OGTT

Randomized clinical study comparing safety and efficacy of adjuvant intrathecal clonidine versus normal saline along with bupivacaine anaesthesia in lower limb surgery patients

Background: Various adjuvants have been used in intrathecal anesthesia to avoid intraoperative visceral and somatic pain and prolong postoperative analgesia. Clonidine, partially selective α2-agonist, is being evaluated as a neuraxial adjuvant with intrathecal bupivacaine. The objective of the study was to evaluate and compare safety and efficacy of intrathecal clonidine as adjuvant to bupivacaine with control normal saline.Methods: American Society of Anesthesiologist grade 1 and 2 patients (60 patients) were randomly divided into two groups of 30 patients each for lower limb surgeries. Study group injected with intrathecal 3ml of 0.5% Bupivacaine heavy (15mg) + 1µg/kg of clonidine and control group injected with 3ml of 0.5% Bupivacaine heavy (15mg) + equivalent dose of normal saline. The onset and duration of sensory and motor block, duration of analgesia, and the incidence of side effects in both groups were observed and compared.Results: Time for 2 segment regressions in study group was 186.17±25.92 minutes compared to control was 103.20±19.15 minutes (p value<0.001). Total duration of analgesia in control was 226.50±35.69 minutes and in the study group was 465.67±100.37 minutes (p value<0.001). The average duration of motor block in control group was 181.17±26.12 minutes compared to study group was 217.80±41.51 minutes (p value<0.001). The small dose of intrathecal clonidine is not significantly associated with systemic side effects such as bradycardia and hypotension.Conclusions: Clonidine added to bupivacaine for intrathecal anesthesia effectively increases the duration of sensory block, duration of motor block and duration of analgesia and does not produce any significant hemodynamic changes. No significant side effects are associated with it

Evaluation of an anti-diuretic activity of fluvoxamine in albino rats

Background: Diabetes insipidus is a disease characterized by high amounts of urine excretion. Antidiuretic drugs are used to treat this condition. Hence, our study intends to evaluate the anti-diuretic effect of fluvoxamine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in albino rats.Methods: Albino rats were divided into three groups of six animals each. The control group was fed with distilled water 10 ml/kg body weight, standard group received 4 units of vasopressin and test group received fluvoxamine 18 mg/kg body weight. On the day of experiment, diuresis was induced in all the groups by giving frusemide in a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight after loading with saline at 25 ml/kg body weight. The animals were confined in diuretic cage for a period of 5 hrs and urine output was noted. Urine was analyzed for electrolyte concentration (Na+, K+, Cl−).Results: There was significant reduction in urine output in the test group of animals when compared to the control group. Electrolyte concentration revealed relatively concentrated urine when compared to the control group.Conclusions: Fluvoxamine has a significant anti-diuretic action in the albino rats

TRIBOPERFORMANCE OF SILICON DIOXIDE FILLED GLASS FABRIC REINFORCED EPOXY COMPOSITES

ABSTRACT The article presents the results of experimental investigation on the mechanical and two-body abrasive wear behaviour of silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) filled glass fabric reinforced epoxy (G-E) composites. Silicon dioxide filled G-E composites containing 5, 7.5 and 10 wt % were prepared by compression moulding technique. The mechanical properties such as tensile strength and modulus were investigated in accordance with ASTM standards. Two-body abrasive wear studies were carried out using pin-on-disc wear tester under multi-pass condition against the water proof silicon carbide abrasive paper. From the experimental investigation, it was found that the presence of SiO 2 filler improved the tensile strength and modulus of the G-E composite. Inclusion of SiO 2 filler reduced the specific wear rate of G-E composite. The results show that in abrasion mode, as the filler loading increases the wear volume loss deceases and increased with increasing abrading distance. The excellent wear resistance was obtained for SiO 2 filled G-E composites. Furthermore, 10 wt % filler loading gave a very low volume loss