Increased fetal adiposity prior to diagnosis of gestational diabetes in South Asians : more evidence for the ‘thin–fat’ baby

Aims/hypothesis Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with an increased future risk of obesity in the offspring. Increased adiposity has been observed in the newborns of women with GDM. Our aim was to examine early fetal adiposity in women with GDM. Methods Obstetric and sonographic data was collated for 153 women with GDM and 178 controls from a single centre in Chennai, India. Fetal head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL) and biparietal diameter (BPD) were recorded at 11, 20 and 32 weeks. Anterior abdominal wall thickness (AAWT) as a marker of abdominal adiposity at 20 and 32 weeks was compared between groups. Adjustments were made for maternal age, BMI, parity, gestational weight gain, fetal sex and gestational age. Results Fetuses of women with GDM had significantly higher AAWT at 20 weeks (β 0.26 [95% CI 0.15, 0.37] mm, p < 0.0001) despite lower measures of HC, FL, BPD and AC. AAWT remained higher in the fetuses of women with GDM at 32 weeks (β 0.48 [0.30, 0.65] mm, p < 0.0001) despite similar measures for HC, FL, BPD and AC between groups. Both groups had similar birthweights at term. There was an independent relationship between fasting plasma glucose levels and AAWT after adjustment as described above. Conclusions/interpretation A ‘thin but fat’ phenotype signifying a disproportionate increase in adiposity despite smaller or similar lean body mass was observed in the fetuses of mothers with GDM, even at 20 weeks, thus pre-dating the biochemical diagnosis of GDM. Increased AAWT may serve as an early marker of GDM

Understanding the molecular basis of plant growth promotional effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens on rice through protein profiling

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), <it>Pseudomonas fluorescens </it>strain KH-1 was found to exhibit plant growth promotional activity in rice under both <it>in-vitro </it>and <it>in-vivo </it>conditions. But the mechanism underlying such promotional activity of <it>P. fluorescens </it>is not yet understood clearly. In this study, efforts were made to elucidate the molecular responses of rice plants to <it>P. fluorescens </it>treatment through protein profiling. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis strategy was adopted to identify the PGPR responsive proteins and the differentially expressed proteins were analyzed by mass spectrometry.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Priming of <it>P. fluorescens</it>, 23 different proteins found to be differentially expressed in rice leaf sheaths and MS analysis revealed the differential expression of some important proteins namely putative p23 co-chaperone, Thioredoxin h- rice, Ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase large chain precursor, Nucleotide diPhosphate kinase, Proteosome sub unit protein and putative glutathione S-transferase protein.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Functional analyses of the differential proteins were reported to be directly or indirectly involved in growth promotion in plants. Thus, this study confirms the primary role of PGPR strain KH-1 in rice plant growth promotion.</p

(1R*,3′S*,4′R*)-4′-(4-Chloro­phen­yl)-3′-[(4-hy­droxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro­quinolin-3-yl)carbon­yl]-1′-methyl­spiro­[ace­naphthyl­ene-1,2′-pyrrolidin]-2-one

The title compound, C32H23ClN2O4, has a quinoline, a chloro­phenyl and an acenaphthalene ring system attached to a central pyrrolidine ring, which has three stereogenic centers. Nevertheless, the compound crystallizes as a racemate with two mol­ecules of identical chirality in the asymmetric unit. They differ in the conformation of the five-membered pyrrolidine ring; in one molecule it has an envelope conformation, while in the other molecule it has a twisted conformation. In each molecule there is an intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond making an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, pairs of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds produce inversion dimers with R 2 2(8) motifs. There are also C—H⋯O interactions present. The crystal structure contains voids (60 Å3) within which there is no evidence of solvent mol­ecules

Early pregnancy HbA1c as the first screening test for gestational diabetes : results from three prospective cohorts

We acknowledge the huge number of staff in individual study centres, specific individuals (clinical and administrative) mentioned in the appendix (pp 14 1215 ) and all the participants who partook in the study and gave their valuable time. Our special thanks to Naveed Sattar for his feedback on the manuscript and help to improve it and to Nishanthi Periyathambi, a doctoral student at the University of Warwick, for help with some of the analysis on the revision.Peer reviewe

Interconnected Home Networks: An XMPP based approach

Home networking technologies have been improving rapidly along with mobile device and network capabilities. This brings out new kind of requirements: ubiquitous access to and sharing devices located at home. But most of the home network frameworks, especially UPnP, have been designed providing no such feature. Even in cases that provide these features much is left to be desired in terms of usability, ease of use and security. So providing these features usually involve complex configurations and setups. This master thesis provides a new solution based on Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) network for UPnP based networks. It explores various requirements and presents existing solutions comparing against these requirements. It then presents a new solution that is based on standard XMPP protocols. It discusses how each of those requirements is mapped into various XMPP components. Finally the commerciability aspects of the solution are analyzed

N–S bond cleavage of tosyl hydrazones by dual reactive arynes: synthesis of diaryl sulfones, spiro[indazole-3,3′-indolin]-2′-one, and <i>N</i>-phenyl sulfonohydrazides

A one-pot N–S bond cleavage of tosyl hydrazones by arynes produced diaryl sulfones, diazomethyledenes of isatin or spiro[indazole-3,3′-indolin]-2-one and arynes and direct N-arylation products. A plausible reaction mechanism is provided.</jats:p