AN STRATEGY OF POWER AND AREA COMPETENT APPROXIMATE MULTIPLIERS

In this paper, the area of efficiency multiplier put a sign suggests a fixed width through a replica redundancy through adoption My tolerance for noise (ANT) architecture with a multiplier of fixed width to build a redundancy version precision cutting Masa (RPR). ANT proposed architecture can meet the demand for high precision, low power consumption, and region Efficiency. RPR fixed-width design with error compensation through the circles of the possibilities and statistical analysis. use the When a partial product of the correct input vectors and vectors fixed in the palace and put in place to reduce truncation errors, hardware Failure holding circuit can be simplified compensation. The multiplier ANT 16 × 16 bits, the circuit area in our RPR fixed width It may be less, energy consumption in the design of ants can be saved as compared with the ANT state of the art design

A simple innovative Chennai handshake technique for reducing anterior dislocation of shoulder joint: a community study of 60 cases

Background: Anterior shoulder dislocation is one of the commonest dislocation of our body. We here by introduce a simple, safe, successful and easily reproducible “Chennai Handshake Technique” to relocate anterior dislocation of shoulder joint.Methods: This method was performed by a single surgeon on sixty cases (51 males, 9 females) of anterior shoulder dislocation with a mean age of 38 years (18 to 58 years) between 2008 to 2013 in tertiary care center. Among sixty patients, there were 12 cases (20%) of fresh dislocation and 48 cases (80%) of recurrent dislocation. It comprises of holding the hand in a classical double shake position and then giving a gentle longitudinal traction (stage I) followed with slow abduction and external rotation of arm (stage II), thus reducing the shoulder dislocation. Vertical oscillation may be a part of stage II in some cases before the external rotation.Results: The index time of patient presenting to the casualty ranged from one hour to 18hrs with a mean of 4.45 hrs. The reduction time ranged  from 1 to 16 min with a mean of  5.6 min. 17 dislocations (28.3%) were reduced  during stage I. 41 dislocations (68.3%) were reduced during stage II. 5 dislocations (12.1%) needed vertical oscillation during stage II. we failed in two cases (3.3%).Conclusions: No need of assistant, no need of anesthesia, no complications makes this technique, a more look back one

A prospective study of surgical site infection of orthopedic implant surgeries

Background: Surgical-site infection accounts for approximately 10% of all hospital-acquired infections, which are estimated to double the cost of care and result in an additional mean of 6.5 days of hospital stay. We did prospective study of surgical site infection of orthopaedic implant surgeries.Methods: The aim of the study is to assess the clinical and microbiological outcome of 125 patients who had open reduction and internal fixation with implants and prosthesis at Southern Railway Hospital from January 2006 to January 2007, and its strength of association with major risk factors using univariate analysis. In our study, Patients were allocated in to three groups as NINS risk index group 0, 1 and 2 with risk factors as duration of surgery >2 hours and ASA class ≥3. Post-operative wound infection was diagnosed based on the criteria of Center of Disease Control and assessed for the period of 6 weeks using National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance Risk Index.Results: There were 87 male and 38 females in the study. From 125 Patients, 13 patients had post-operative superficial surgical site infection and presented within 21 days of operation. The infection rate was 10.4%. Two Patients developed deep infection after 6 weeks of study. All the cases with superficial infection were followed at regular intervals, 11 cases resolved with regular dressing and antibiotics but 2 cases continued to discharge sinus up to 3 months.Conclusions: The study showed that the risk of infection rate increased significantly with ASA score, duration of surgery, obesity and NINS risk index. There was no significant association of infection rate with age, diabetes and smoking.

Surgical management of fingertip injuries

Background: Fingertip injuries are common due to industrial accidents, ranging from small laceration and nail bed injuries to traumatic amputation and severe crush. It is best retain as much native tissue when viable. Surgical options in treating the fingertip injuries are individualized to each patient considering the injury pattern, age, hand dominance and occupation.Methods: It is a retrospective study of 102 fingertip injuries in 95 patients, whose age ranges from 2 years to 60 years over a period of 3 years.Results: In 90% of patient’s primary wound healing was achieved in 2 weeks period. All were satisfied with the functional outcome and average period of returning to the work is 4 weeks. Conclusions: Fingertip injuries needs individualized management specialized to achieve optimum results, maximum patient satisfaction rates and early return to pre injury occupation level

BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION STUDIES BETWEEN THE TSUNAMIGENIC SEDIMENTS OF MANDAPAM AND TUTICORIN, SOUTH EAST COAST OF INDIA

The Gulf of Mannar is a transitional zone between the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean proper and is connected with the Bay of Bengal through a shallow sill, the Palk Strait. The study area extends from Mandapam to Tuticorin on the southern coast of Tamil Nadu (India) over a distance of 120 km. It is bound in the northeast by Rameshwaram Island, in the east by the Bay of Bengal, in the west by the Eastern and Western Ghats, and in the south by Tuticorin. A total of 36 sediment samples were collected from the beach (6) and the offshore (30) area in the study region. The offshore samples were collected at six transects keeping the stations at Mandapam (5 nos), Valinokkam (5 nos), Vaippar (5 nos), Vembar (5 nos), Kallar, (5 nos) and Tuticorin (5 nos). Totally, 77 benthic foraminiferal species (Post-tsunami) and varieties belonging to 39 genera, 13 families, 10 superfamilies and 4 suborders have been reported and illustrated. The following species are widely distributed in the pre and post-tsunami samples namely Spiroloculina communis, Quinqueloculina elongatum, Q.lamarckiana, Q. seminulum, Triloculina trigonula, Cibicides lobatululs, Ammonia beccarii, A. dentata, A.tepida, Elphidium crispum and Assilina ammonoides. Grain size studies shows the frequency curves vary from unimodal to bimodal in places of river discharge from the Vembar, Kallar, Vaippar and Tamiraparani, as a result of which an additional sub-population is deposited. At Mandapam and Tuticorin, the total species are increasing in the deeper depths whereas in Kallar there will be reverse trend which decreases with depth. Similarly, the living species also have the same trend at Vallinokkam. The scatter plot of salinity versus living species shows a positive correlation. The scatter plot of organic matter versus living species shows strong negative correlation and positive correlation with dead species showing a negative relation with the biomass. Further, the trend of organic matter vs. carbonate indicates that the littoral drift of sediments brought foraminifera from the inner shelf regions and has played a great role in the contribution of dead species, as well as microfossils. The present study indicated that the sediments were brought from the inner shelf

An evaluation of human protein-protein interaction data in the public domain

BACKGROUND: Protein-protein interaction (PPI) databases have become a major resource for investigating biological networks and pathways in cells. A number of publicly available repositories for human PPIs are currently available. Each of these databases has their own unique features with a large variation in the type and depth of their annotations. RESULTS: We analyzed the major publicly available primary databases that contain literature curated PPI information for human proteins. This included BIND, DIP, HPRD, IntAct, MINT, MIPS, PDZBase and Reactome databases. The number of binary non-redundant human PPIs ranged from 101 in PDZBase and 346 in MIPS to 11,367 in MINT and 36,617 in HPRD. The number of genes annotated with at least one interactor was 9,427 in HPRD, 4,975 in MINT, 4,614 in IntAct, 3,887 in BIND and <1,000 in the remaining databases. The number of literature citations for the PPIs included in the databases was 43,634 in HPRD, 11,480 in MINT, 10,331 in IntAct, 8,020 in BIND and <2,100 in the remaining databases. CONCLUSION: Given the importance of PPIs, we suggest that submission of PPIs to repositories be made mandatory by scientific journals at the time of manuscript submission as this will minimize annotation errors, promote standardization and help keep the information up to date. We hope that our analysis will help guide biomedical scientists in selecting the most appropriate database for their needs especially in light of the dramatic differences in their content

Geochemistry, textural studies and its environmental implications on the core sediment of Kadalundi estuary, Kerala

1536-1544The study area Kadalundi estuary is fully occupied with mangroves, and conserved as a bird sanctuary. In this estuary, systematic studies on sedimentological and geochemical aspects are not done so far. Hence, an attempt has been made in this area to infer the paleoenvironmental significance in this region. A core of length 185 cm was taken and subsampled in 5 cm intervals. The sand-silt-clay analyses indicate higher concentration of sand in the core and overall low calcium carbonate content. The organic matter content is highly concentrated at the top and bottom core, whereas in the middle core it is slightly decreased. The sorting values depict poor sorting which indicates mixed environment condition.i.e, one derived from riverine/aeolian environment and the other derived from marine environment. This is due to the widely varying nature of sediments and change in gradients of the coastaline. The heavy mineral assemblage of the study area shows the distribution of low and high ranked metamorphic and some basic igneous rocks.The presence of a little amount of zircon in the top core implies the influence of marine inputs by reworked sediments. XRF data resembles a sudden rise in the concentration towards the bottom core suggests that the trace elements show a positive relation with silt, clay and organic matter in the sediments. XRD analysis projects the presence of Illite in all the samples suggesting the emergence of estuary into Arabian Sea and the reworking of waves. From the overall study it is concluded that the river discharge from Kadalundi, deposits an additional sub-population of sand with a mean size of sediments from medium to fine grained, where low-energy conditons prevails and accretionary processes are taking place with mixed environments

Role of visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid and high risk human papilloma virus DNA testing in screening for cervical cancer

Background: To evaluate the role of VIA alone and in combination with high risk Human Papilloma virus DNA testing as a screening test for cervical dysplasia and cancer.Methods: 400 symptomatic patients from the gynecology outpatient department were screened using Pap smear and VIA. HPV DNA testing was done for 62 VIA positive and 100 VIA negative women. Colposcopy was done for all women. Those found positive on any or all of the screening tests were subjected to cervical biopsy. The results were analysed for PAP, VIA, HPV and a combined test using VIA and HPV both.Results: VIA had the highest sensitivity (91%) to detect any grade of dysplasia. The sensitivity of the combination test (VIA + HPV) was 80.6% which was lower than that of VIA (91%) and also lower than that of HR HPV DNA detection (86%). The specificity of the combination test (VIA + HPV) was 68.3 % which was significantly higher than that of VIA alone (39%) (p = 0.000) and also higher than that for HPV DNA detection when used alone (56%). Pap smear had the highest specificity (95.12 %) but sensitivity was much lower at 52.7 %.Conclusions: VIA is a highly sensitive screening test. The main disadvantage is its low specificity. However the combination test of VIA + HR HPV testing overcomes this and at the same time maintains a high sensitivity. Thus a test which combines VIA plus HR HPV testing is better screening method than either of the three tests (VIA, HPV, PAP) done alone