Medial swivel dislocation of talonavicular joint due to low energy trauma

Medial swivel variant of talonavicular dislocation is rare. Usually, it is caused by high velocity trauma. They are relatively easier to reduce and are associated with fewer complications than pure dorsal dislocations and sub talar dislocations. We report a case of medial swivel dislocation of talonavicular caused by a low energy trauma, its management and one year follow up result

Serum metabolite markers of early Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs

International audienceAbstractMycoplasma hyopneumoniae, the primary pathogenic bacterium causing enzootic pneumonia, significantly affects worldwide swine production. The infection is usually persistent and bacterial identification and isolation of M. hyopneumoniae in clinical samples are challenging due to the fastidious requirements for its growth. Hence, new practical surveillance tools that improve or complement existing diagnostics on M. hyopneumoniae are desirable, especially in early infection. The objective of this study was to identify potential metabolite markers of early M. hyopneumoniae infection in pigs through metabolomics analysis. Samples obtained from pigs in a previous M. hyopneumoniae experimental infection were used in this study. Briefly, two pigs served as mock inoculated controls and ten pigs were intra-tracheally inoculated with M. hyopneumoniae. Sera, laryngeal swabs (LS), and tracheo-bronchial lavage fluid (TBLF) were collected from all pigs at 0, 2, 5, 9, 14, 21 and 28 days post-inoculation (dpi). Bronchial swabs (BS) were collected post-mortem at 28 dpi. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection was confirmed by PCR in LS, TBLF and BS. Serum metabolites were profiled using high-resolution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis. Metabolite markers were identified by structural analysis following multivariate analysis of LC–MS data. The results showed that M. hyopneumoniae infection time-dependently altered the serum levels of selective amino acids and fatty acids. α-Aminobutyric acid and long-chain fatty acids were markedly increased at 14 and 21 dpi in inoculated pigs (p < 0.05). These results indicated that M. hyopneumoniae infection caused systemic changes in host metabolism, warranting further studies to determine underlying biochemical and physiological mechanisms responsible for the observed changes

BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM FISH AND PRAWN

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from various samples of fresh and frozen fish and prawn. Thirteen species of Lactobacillus were identified among the 64% isolates. Among them, L. plantarum was the dominant species. The remaining 36% isolates of Lactobacillus could not be assigned to any species with the available taxonomic schemes

Burden and causes of maternal mortality and near-miss in a tertiary care centre of Kerala, India

Background: Reduction of maternal mortality remains a challenge for developing countries like India as per the sustainable development goals put forward by UN. Near-miss audit is emerging as a new tool for setting new protocols in reduction of MMR. This study aimed, to analyze the near miss events and mortality events which occurred in the study setting from January 2011 to December 2012, and to compare the causes that led to the events.Methods: A descriptive comparative study was conducted at SAT Hospital, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, a tertiary care center in Kerala, India on the data accounted for a period of 2 years, 2011 and 2012. Maternal near-miss during the period is studied according to WHO 2009 criteria and compared with the maternal deaths during the same time period. The data was recorded using structured proforma; the same proforma was used to record maternal mortality cases of the same period.Results: Total live births during the time period were 18,663. Eighty-eight near miss cases and 26 maternal deaths occurred during the study period. Incidence proportion of maternal near-miss was 4.71/1000 live births. Severe maternal outcome was 6 per1000. For every maternal death, there were 3.38 near-misses. Mortality index of our institute was 22.8% and maternal mortality ratio (MMR) of the study setting was 139/1 Lakh live births. Post-partum hemorrhage was the leading cause for near-miss and systemic diseases were the major contributors to mortality.Conclusions: It is evident from the present study that PPH, once the leading cause of maternal mortality is now the leading cause of maternal near miss and by improving the resources of FRUs it can be further reduced. Systemic diseases are emerging as a new threat to the obstetric population leading to mortality

Influence of pig gut microbiota on Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae susceptibility

International audienceAbstractThis study investigated the influence of gut microbiome composition in modulating susceptibility to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in pigs. Thirty-two conventional M. hyopneumoniae free piglets were randomly selected from six different litters at 3 weeks of age and were experimentally inoculated with M. hyopneumoniae at 8 weeks of age. Lung lesion scores (LS) were recorded 4 weeks post-inoculation (12 weeks of age) from piglet lungs at necropsy. Fecal bacterial community composition of piglets at 3, 8 and 12 weeks of age were targeted by amplifying the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The LS ranged from 0.3 to 43% with an evident clustering of the scores observed in piglets within litters. There were significant differences in species richness and alpha diversity in fecal microbiomes among piglets within litters at different time points (p < 0.05). The dissimilarity matrices indicated that at 3 weeks of age, the fecal microbiota of piglets was more dissimilar compared to those from 8 to 12 weeks of age. Specific groups of bacteria in the gut that might predict the decreased severity of M. hyopneumoniae associated lesions were identified. The microbial shift at 3 weeks of age was observed to be driven by the increase in abundance of the indicator family, Ruminococcaceae in piglets with low LS (p < 0.05). The taxa, Ruminococcus_2 having the highest richness scores, correlated significantly between litters showing stronger associations with the lowest LS (r = −0.49, p = 0.005). These findings suggest that early life gut microbiota can be a potential determinant for M. hyopneumoniae susceptibility in pigs

PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE TOPICAL GEL FOR THE TREATMENT OF INFANTILE HEMANGIOMA

Objective: To formulate and evaluate propranolol hydrochloride topical gel for overcoming the limitations and low oral bioavailability associated with conventional therapy. Methods: The propranolol hydrochloride topical gels were prepared by the cold mechanical method. The preliminary evaluation and further characterisation studies was conducted to find the optimised formulation. The in vitro release and ex vivo permeation studies were investigated. The histopathological studies and stability studies was also assessed. Results: The propranolol hydrochloride topical gel was successfully prepared. The in vitro release of optimized topical propranolol hydrochloride gel formulation (G2) showed the highest cumulative percentage drug release that is, 95.55%±0.15 after 7.5 h. (G2) the formulation showed a higher flux value of 4.61μg/cm2/h. The histopathological study using pig skin revealed that the optimized formulation was found to be safe for topical application. Conclusion: The formulated topical gel containing propranolol Hydrochloride seems to be a promising dosage form for enhanced skin delivery of propranolol hydrochloride in treating Infantile Hemangioma

Ultrasound in the diagnosis of cystic intra-abdominal lesions in children - a cross-sectional study from a tertiary care hospital in South India

Introduction: Pediatric abdominal cystic swellings are very common in clinical practice, with widely variable differential diagnoses. Demarcation of the organ of origin and possible nature of pathology is hence very essential. Objective: The objective of the study was to study the pattern of ultrasound diagnosed intra-abdominal cystic swellings in children and to evaluate the role of ultrasound as the primary imaging modality in these lesions. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, of a Medical College of Kerala, India. Study participants were children below 12 years presenting with intra-abdominal cystic swellings who underwent abdominal ultrasonography. Direct visualization at the time of surgery or histopathological diagnosis was the gold standard. Percentage of concordance between radiological findings and final diagnosis was calculated. Significance of ultra-sonological findings associated to malignancy was assessed using Chi-square test. Results: In this study, the most common organ of origin for the cysts was the kidney, and the most common diagnosis was hydronephrosis. In 62 out of the total of 65 cases, ultrasound was able to rightly predict the pathology as to benign or malignant, with an overall accuracy of 95.3%. It had a sensitivity of 71.4%, specificity of 96.6%, and positive predictive value of 83.3%, and negative predictive value of 98.2% in determining the benign or malignant nature of a cyst. Conclusions: Ultrasound was found to be highly accurate in ascertaining the organ of origin, and in predicting whether a cyst is benign or malignant

Correlation between gamma analysis for midline and lateralized tumors by using volumetric modulated arc therapy

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the fluence for midline and lateralized tumors for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) by using a two-dimensional array.Methods: For this study, we selected 60 patients who were undergoing VMAT. The octavius phantom was computed tomography (CT) scanned and imported to the planning system. Verification plans were created for each plan and exported. The measurements were performed using 2D seven29 ion chamber array. Fluence measurement values for all the delivered plans were analyzed using VeriSoft software. The TPS calculated values were then compared with the measured gamma values. Results: The gamma pass percentage for midline tumors was found to be higher than that for lateralized tumors. The standard deviations between the gamma values for midline and lateralized tumors were 1.96 and 2.86, respectively. Moreover, the standard deviations between the point doses for midline and lateralized tumors were 0.360 and 0.283, respectively. The mean gamma passing rate was 96.96% for midline tumors and 96.57% for lateralized tumors for 3%DD/3-mm criteria. There is no significance found in the gamma values for midline and lateralized tumors with p-value 0.08. Conclusion: No particular correlation was found between the gamma pass percentage for midline tumors and that for lateralized tumors. Only a marginal difference was found in the gamma pass percentage

Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to animals and potential host adaptation

SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, can infect a wide range of mammals. Since its spread in humans, secondary host jumps of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to multiple domestic and wild populations of mammals have been documented. Understanding the extent of adaptation to these animal hosts is critical for assessing the threat that the spillback of animal-adapted SARS-CoV-2 into humans poses. We compare the genomic landscapes of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from animal species to that in humans, profiling the mutational biases indicative of potentially different selective pressures in animals. We focus on viral genomes isolated from mink (Neovison vison) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) for which multiple independent outbreaks driven by onward animal-to-animal transmission have been reported. We identify five candidate mutations for animal-specific adaptation in mink (NSP9_G37E, Spike_F486L, Spike_N501T, Spike_Y453F, ORF3a_L219V), and one in deer (NSP3a_L1035F), though they appear to confer a minimal advantage for human-to-human transmission. No considerable changes to the mutation rate or evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted from circulation in mink and deer thus far. Our findings suggest that minimal adaptation was required for onward transmission in mink and deer following human-to-animal spillover, highlighting the 'generalist' nature of SARS-CoV-2 as a mammalian pathogen