DOES GREATER AUTONOMY IMPROVE PERFORMANCE? EVIDENCE FROM WATER SERVICE PROVIDERS IN INDIAN CITIES

We assess the efficiency of urban water supply in 27 Indian cities using data envelopment analysis (DEA). We also group cities by the management structure of their water utilities. Utilities with greater degree of functional autonomy perform better, supporting the hypothesis that more autonomy in management leads to better performance among water utilites. Our results also have implications for urban domestic water pricing--most of the utilities operate under decreasing returns to scale (DRS) implying water should be priced at marginal cost of supply.

A NOTE ON ALMOST INJECTIVE MODULES

We give some new properties of almost injective modules and their endomorphism rings, and also provide conditions as to when a direct sum of almost injective (or CS) modules is again almost injective (or CS) in some special cases..</p

On Investigations of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques for MIMO Detection

This paper reviews in detail the various types of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) detector algorithms. The current MIMO detectors are not suitable for massive MIMO (mMIMO) scenarios where there are a large number of antennas. Their performance degrades with the increase in number of antennas in the MIMO system. For combatting the issues, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) based detection algorithms are being researched and developed. An extensive survey of these detectors is provided in this paper, alongwith their advantages and challenges. The issues discussed have to be resolved before using them for final deployment

Regression Models For Prediction Of Water Quality In Krishna River

The River Krishna and its tributaries drain three important states of South India. The river water plays a very important role in the overall socioeconomic development of Andhra Pradesh.  In large river basins monitoring non-point sources pollution is rather difficult and expensive and is subjected to analytical errors. Hence, modeling water quality using land use data of the basin is attempted in the present study. The contribution from non-point sources (runoff from the river basin) is quiet considerable as the river drains various type of land uses. In this context, it is necessary to make a detailed study of the water quality of the river, to estimate the level of pollution and also main sources of pollution. Correlation studies explain the relationships, between dissolved solids concentration and land use of the basins. The multiple regression models accounted for significant variation in concentrations for majority of dissolved solids. The predicted concentrations are in good agreement with the observed values. The proposed models can be useful for planning land use controls in integrated water quality management program. As water quality of flowing water is closely linked to the land use in the basin, it is essential to include land use management in future river basin planning. Carefully designed land use studies to identify characterized and quantity of non point sources is essential elements to be emphasized to plan water quality management programme. The results of study indicate relative importance of non point sources pollution in addition to point sources pollution. Keywords: Dissolved solids, Land use planning , Regression models, Water quality

A FLC Based DVR by Employing Z-Source Inverter For Voltage Sag/Swell Reduction

Today Power quality is an issue that is becoming increasingly important to electricity consumers at all levels of usage. Sensitive power electronic equipment and non-linear loads are widely used in industrial, commercial and domestic applications leading to distortion in voltage and current The analysis of power disturbance characteristics and finding solution to the power quality problems have resulted in an increased interest for power quality. The most concerning disturbances affecting the quality of the power in the distribution system are voltage sag/swell. The DVR is used to mitigate the voltage sag/swell on sensitive load. In this paper Z-source inverter (ZSI) based DVR is proposed to enhance the voltage restoration property of the system. The ZSI uses an LC impedance grid to couple power source to inverter circuit and prepares the possibility of voltage buck and boost by short circuiting the inverter legs. Z source DVR is proposed to obtain the desired injected voltage with the control scheme of pi and fuzzy logic simulated in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environmen