10 research outputs found

    Topical ciprofloxacin induced ocular toxicity: case report

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    Ciprofloxacin is a commonly used fluoroquinolone group of antimicrobial which is used for treating infective conditions like community acquired pneumonia and urinary tract infections. A patient of cataract was treated with ciprofloxacin eye drop as her pre-operative medication. She presented after four days with itching and redness in her right eye with swelling of the peri-orbital skin. We report this rare case where topical application of ciprofloxacin was responsible for the ocular symptoms

    Socio-economics: a propensity of self-medication among OPD patients of a teaching hospital

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    Background: Use of over the counter (OTC) drug is very much common in India. Not only medical professionals or educated urban population but also it is common in rural area and low educated person. This study was done to assess the extent of knowledge and practices of OTC drugs among OPD patients of a tertiary care hospital.Methods: A questionnaire based study was conducted among 1680 Medicine OPD (outpatient department) patients.Results: Among the participants, 62% patients taking OTC drugs at least once in their life. Most common symptoms for self-medication were fever (89%), cough and cold (78%), headache (67%), pain (53%), diarrhea (10%), vomiting (10%), indigestion (20%). Antipyretics (65%), analgesics (35%) among NSAIDs which were common used as OTC drugs. Others drugs were antacids (50%), cough and cold preparations (50%), Vitamins (30%), antiemetics (5%).Conclusions: Awareness is necessary to use drugs rationally with proper prescription and know about harmful effects of OTC drugs

    Evaluation of pharmacology teaching-learning methods in a government medical college

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    Background: Pharmacology is a major subject in medical science and always changing, so according to it pharmacologists also need to reform their teaching method. Students’ opinion in this evaluation of teaching is a good option.Methods: A questionnaire based study was conducted in Burdwan Medical College on 230 students of two batches.Results: One forty eight students thought that the subject was interesting. Twenty eight percent students opined that Pharmacology class was not interesting. Students found interest mostly in prescription writing, drug interaction and therapeutic problems in practical section. Though 53.4% found pharmacy was less interest. They suggested some reforms in teaching, 61.3% voted for introduction of audio-visual aid and 74.3% response on clinical demonstration in hospital ward. According to 82.6% students, there should be more problem solving exercise during teaching pharmacology; giving hand-out before everyday class, class in clinical setting and more emphasis on clinical pharmacology were also needed. MCQ exam only (31%) and written viva both (51%) were good ways of evaluation according to them.Conclusions: This study helps in knowing students’ opinion and preferences in curriculum to make it more interesting and aids to modify the undergraduate Pharmacology teaching pattern

    Rationality of utilization of antimicrobial agents in medical intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital

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    Background: Patients admitted to intensive care unit receive multiple medications of different pharmacological classes due to various life threatening ailments. This study was conducted to assess the patterns of usage of antimicrobial agents in medical ICU of a tertiary care hospital and to suggest necessary modifications in prescribing patterns to achieve rational therapeutic practices.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out at ICU of the tertiary care hospital for 6 months. From the inpatient case record of ICU relevant data on prescription of each patient was collected. The demographic status, disease data and the utilization of different antimicrobial drug classes and individual drugs were analysed.Results: Of 753 patients admitted in the medical ICU during the study period, 640 consecutive patients were included for analysis. Male to female ratio was 1.45. Mean age was 63.32±17.93 years. Extensive poly-pharmacy (100%) and drugs with non-generic name (73%) noticed among the prescriptions.Average number of drugs per prescription was 12.1±2.13. Penicillins (51.87%) and cephalosporins (45.78%) were most commonly used antimicrobial drug classes. Piperacillin (37.03%), ceftriaxone (33.28%) and levofloxacin (22.5%) were commonly used antimicrobial drugs. A total of 181 prescriptions contained two and 138 contained three antimicrobial drugs. Piperacillin+tazobactam(37.03%) was the most common fixed dose combination noticed.Conclusions: Overall extensive poly-pharmacy and drugs with non-generic name noticed among the prescriptions. Few interventional programs should be aimed at control of infections, rational antimicrobial drug prescription to minimize adverse drug events, emergence of bacterial resistance and attenuating unnecessary cost

    Self-medication of sleeping pills among MBBS students in a medical college of West Bengal, India

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    Background: Psychological stress, anxiety, depression and sleep disturbance are highly prevalent in medical students and therefore they are at higher risk of using sleeping pills defined as any pharmaceutical preparation inducing sleep. There is currently paucity in data describing the prevalence of sleeping pill use among medical students in India.Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of sleeping pill use among medical students in Burdwan Medical College (BMC).Methods: A cross sectional study was done by anonymous questionnaires from MBBS students enrolled at BMC. Questionnaire consisted of social and demographic variable and use of sleeping pills, tobacco and alcohol since enrollment. Collected data were analyzed by Athen's insomnia scale and DASS-21.Results: With response rate72.2% (397 out of 550) and of 397 respondants (1st yr-97+2nd yr-90+3rd yr part I-114+3rd yr part II-96), 6.3% reported use of sleeping pill at some time since enrollment. Athen's insomnia scales showed 27% poor sleepers. According to DASS-21, 44% respondents were depressive, 61.96% anxious, and 31.73% stressed. Insomnia were found to significantly (p value <0.0001) associated with sleeping pill use. Majority (96%) of sleeping pill uses were self-medicated.Conclusions: Tendency to use sleeping pill is very less (majority self-medicated), though a substantial proportion of medical undergraduate students were found to be depressed, anxious, stressed revealing a neglected area of students' psychology requiring urgent attention

    Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Medication use among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic: A Cross-sectional Study

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    Introduction: Medication use during pregnancy is a major concern in India and poor awareness is driven by non scientific information sources. Primary care providers play a role in providing information on risk of teratogenic and folate deficiency birth defects. Aim: To assess Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of pregnant women attending antenatal clinic regarding medication use and self-medication during pregnancy. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic in a tertiary care teaching hospital of Eastern India from August to October 2021. The study looked at sources of drug information, attitudes regarding medication use and practice of medication use and self-medication among pregnant mothers attending antenatal clinic of the hospital. Consenting women were enrolled in the study and the qualitative data gathered from the women were analysed using tools of descriptive statistics. Results: This study included 100 pregnant women with mean age of 22±2.0 years of which 42% were primigravida. Of the participants 80% had atleast high school education. Two third of the mothers 66% cited their family members as source of their drug information and 76% were aware of the risks of self-medication during pregnancy. Self medication practice was seen in 25% pregnant women mainly with Paracetamol use for pain or over-the-counter drugs to control acid reflux and morning sickness symptoms. All the participants (100%) took their iron and folic acid supplements as advised. Conclusion: The pregnant women attending the hospital showed adequate knowledge and satisfactory practices regarding medication use. Counselling of the mothers attending the clinic regarding drug use and possible harms to the mother and baby can help reduce long-term risks

    Socio-economics: a propensity of self-medication among OPD patients of a teaching hospital

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    Background: Use of over the counter (OTC) drug is very much common in India. Not only medical professionals or educated urban population but also it is common in rural area and low educated person. This study was done to assess the extent of knowledge and practices of OTC drugs among OPD patients of a tertiary care hospital.Methods: A questionnaire based study was conducted among 1680 Medicine OPD (outpatient department) patients.Results: Among the participants, 62% patients taking OTC drugs at least once in their life. Most common symptoms for self-medication were fever (89%), cough and cold (78%), headache (67%), pain (53%), diarrhea (10%), vomiting (10%), indigestion (20%). Antipyretics (65%), analgesics (35%) among NSAIDs which were common used as OTC drugs. Others drugs were antacids (50%), cough and cold preparations (50%), Vitamins (30%), antiemetics (5%).Conclusions: Awareness is necessary to use drugs rationally with proper prescription and know about harmful effects of OTC drugs

    Rationality of utilization of antimicrobial agents in medical intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital

    No full text
    Background: Patients admitted to intensive care unit receive multiple medications of different pharmacological classes due to various life threatening ailments. This study was conducted to assess the patterns of usage of antimicrobial agents in medical ICU of a tertiary care hospital and to suggest necessary modifications in prescribing patterns to achieve rational therapeutic practices.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out at ICU of the tertiary care hospital for 6 months. From the inpatient case record of ICU relevant data on prescription of each patient was collected. The demographic status, disease data and the utilization of different antimicrobial drug classes and individual drugs were analysed.Results: Of 753 patients admitted in the medical ICU during the study period, 640 consecutive patients were included for analysis. Male to female ratio was 1.45. Mean age was 63.32±17.93 years. Extensive poly-pharmacy (100%) and drugs with non-generic name (73%) noticed among the prescriptions.Average number of drugs per prescription was 12.1±2.13. Penicillins (51.87%) and cephalosporins (45.78%) were most commonly used antimicrobial drug classes. Piperacillin (37.03%), ceftriaxone (33.28%) and levofloxacin (22.5%) were commonly used antimicrobial drugs. A total of 181 prescriptions contained two and 138 contained three antimicrobial drugs. Piperacillin+tazobactam(37.03%) was the most common fixed dose combination noticed.Conclusions: Overall extensive poly-pharmacy and drugs with non-generic name noticed among the prescriptions. Few interventional programs should be aimed at control of infections, rational antimicrobial drug prescription to minimize adverse drug events, emergence of bacterial resistance and attenuating unnecessary cost

    Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Lower Uterine Segment Caesarean Section: A Prospective Observational Data-based Study

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    Introduction: Any major surgery like lower uterine Caesarean Section (CS) can be hazardous due to postoperative nosocomial infection. Pregnant mothers are at greater risk during such surgical intervention as compared to vaginal delivery. Prophylactic antibiotic administration is a standard practice across the globe to prevent such anticipated postoperative infection. Aim: To evaluate the prophylactic antimicrobial use with regards to the choice of antimicrobials, dose, route, timing and duration, any possible Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) as well as to assess the frequency of the postoperative morbidity due to infection (if any). Materials and Methods: A prospective observational data-based study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology in collaboration with Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, Burdwan, West Bengal, India, from February 2016 to October 2017. Study was conducted on 1944 pregnant women of reproductive age group planned or scheduled for elective/emergency lower segment CS, but otherwise healthy and received prophylactic antimicrobials for the surgery. They were prospectively observed regarding the treatment they received with focus on antimicrobial agents from the period of antimicrobial prophylaxis during their stay at hospital to till their discharge. Demographic data, vital signs, indication of CS, postoperative infections and ADR if any were recorded in predesigned proforma. The study population was divided into two groups: group A included 995 mothers, who received ceftriaxone sodium (1 g intravenously) and metronidazole (15 mg/kg) infusion and group B included 949 mothers, who received ampicillin (2 g intravenously), metronidazole (15 mg/kg) infusion and injection gentamycin (5 mg/kg) for 0.5 hour before initiation of CS. The data were statistically analysed by standard statistical software Microsoft Excel 2010 and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) sotware version 27.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) expressed as mean and standard deviation and percentage. Independent t- test and Chi-square test were used for analysis. Results: The mean age of group A was 22.36±3.07 years and group B was 22.76±2.47 years. Endomyometritis was documented in 4 (0.4%) from group A and 2 (0.21%) from the group B. Wound infection was present in 3 (0.3%) for group A and five (0.5%) for the group B. Infection related complications like chest infection seen in 7 (0.7%) for group A and in 3 (0.31%) for group B and urinary tract infection was noticed in 6 (0.6%) for group A and 5 (0.52%) for group B. Any incidence of maternal mortality was not evident among the two study groups and statistically insignificant ADR like vomiting and maculopapular rash (p-value=0.324) was observed in both the study groups with the use of above-mentioned antimicrobial therapy. Conclusion: Prophylactic use of ceftriaxone plus metronidazole and combination of triple antimicrobial therapy of ampicillin, metronidazole, and gentamycin therapy at the usual standard dose were commonly used antimicrobials at the present set up and they are safe and equally effective in decreasing considerably the incidence of post caesarean maternal infection thereby reducing their morbidity and mortality

    Effect of dacryocystorhinostomy on systemic adverse effects of topical timolol maleate

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    Purpose: To evaluate whether transformation of the naso-lacrimal passage as happens after dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) operation has any effect on the systemic adverse effects of topically administered timolol maleate. Materials and Methods: Fifty otherwise healthy adult patients without any prior history of cardiac or pulmonary problems scheduled for elective DCR surgery received a drop of timolol maleate 0.5% on the healthy eye. This eye served as a control. Six weeks after successful DCR surgery, the operated eye received the same medication. Parameters compared included intraocular pressure (IOP), pulse rate, blood pressure and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) findings. Observations: Post DCR patients showed an increased incidence of reduced pulse rate and FEV1. Conclusion: Timolol maleate ophthalmic preparation should be used with caution in post-DCR patients
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