ACE model for calculating genetic and environmental influence from twin correlations.[<b>23</b>]

<p>ACE model for calculating genetic and environmental influence from twin correlations.<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0068473#pone.0068473-Neale1" target="_blank">[<b>23</b>]</a></p

Study design of the Puerto Rico Neo-Natal Twin Registry.

<p>Study design of the Puerto Rico Neo-Natal Twin Registry.</p

Characteristics of participants at ages 1 and 3 years.

<p>Values are reported as number (%) or mean (SD).</p><p>*By DNA testing available for 584 subjects (292 twin pairs)); prevalence per parental report for 678 subjects at 1yo was the same (240 (35.4%)).</p><p>∧Defined as cigarette smoke exposure ≥2 times/week in first year of life.</p

Prevalence and resemblance between twins for asthma-related phenotypes at age 3 years.

<p>MZ =  monozygotic, DZ =  dizygotic.</p><p>*584 subjects with zygosity confirmed by DNA testing were used in this analysis.</p

Variance component analysis of asthma-related phenotypes at age 1 year.

<p>584 subjects with zygosity confirmed by DNA testing were used in these models.</p>#<p>A =  additive genetic variance, C =  shared environmental variance, E =  non-shared environmental variance <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0068473#pone.0068473-Neale1" target="_blank">[23]</a>.</p><p>*P-value for likelihood ratio χ2 test comparing adjusted to univariate model.</p><p>∧Early-life environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) defined as intrauterine smoke exposure or cigarette exposure ≥2×/week during the first year of life.</p

Prevalence and resemblance between twins for asthma-related phenotypes at age 1 year.

<p>MZ =  monozygotic, DZ =  dizygotic.</p><p>*584 subjects with zygosity confirmed by DNA testing were used in this analysis.</p

Variance component analysis of asthma-related phenotypes at age 3 years.

<p>584 subjects with zygosity confirmed by DNA testing were used in these models.</p>#<p>A =  additive genetic variance, C =  shared environmental variance, E =  non-shared environmental variance.<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0068473#pone.0068473-Neale1" target="_blank">[23]</a>.</p><p>*P-value for likelihood ratio χ2 test comparing adjusted model to univariate model.</p><p>∧Early-life environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) defined as intrauterine smoke exposure or cigarette exposure ≥2×/week during the first year of life.</p