Microplastic pollution in marine environment

Plastic is constructed from linking of hydrocarbon monomers and produced synthetic polymers. Plastic production reported is growing up steadily each year due to its demand based on Figure 2.1. Current production reported to be up to 348 million tonnes in 2017 (Plastic Europe, 2018)

Current waste generation of e-waste and challenges in developing countries: an overview

The rapid growth of in information and telecommunication technology ((ICT) has led to the improvement in the capacity of computers but simultaneously decrease the product lifetime which contribute to rapid amount of e-waste. This paper reviews about electric and electronic waste (e-waste) challenges faced by developing countries. There were several challenges such as awareness of citizen, existing of informal sector, financing problem as well as regulation of developing countries itself. Informal sectors are most active in waste recycling in developing countries because the profits made from the resale of recovered materials. They do not have an issue how to deal with the environment as long as they got the valuable and precious material from e-waste. Moreover, a lack of financial program forms a major drawback as e-waste treatment requires costly and advanced technology. Current e-waste generation keeps increasing in developing countries such as India, China, and Malaysia. The recovery facilities have increased tremendously as a result from the generation itself. Therefore, social approaches and technical approaches are both needed in order to minimize the problem. Social approaches are changing the public behaviour by improving community through training and encouragement of partnerships in e-waste management

Total suspended solids removal by high gradient magnetic separation using steel wool at different location

Growing of mankind, society, science and technology in our world is reaching to higher level of human civilization. Therefore, a sustainable treatment procedures are required in order to prevent the consequences of growing civilized situation to the environment. Magnetism has been used as physical treatment for particles or contaminants removal from wastewater. In this experiment, comparison between locations of steel wool has been carried out in order to determine the highest suspended solid removal. Variables has been set such as magnetic strength was 1.4Tesla, flow rate was 1mL/s, 80 gram of steel wool and experiment took 24 hours of circulation time and data recorded for 24 hours. Data were recorded involving control, non-inverted magnet and inverted magnet structure. Non-inverted magnets consists of magnets on same poles while inverted magnet on different poles. As a result, steel wool located inside of pipe was exhibited the highest removal (88.2%) compared to outside of the pipe (83.3%) and both occurred in inverted magnet structure. Therefore, it was indicated that longer exposure time to magnet resulted in greater improvement in removing pollutant. The results obtained and suggests that steel wool located inside of tube with inverted magnet position can be successfully treat wastewater effectively

Total suspended solids removal by high gradient magnetic separation using steel wool at different location

Growing of mankind, society, science and technology in our world is reaching to higher level of human civilization. Therefore, a sustainable treatment procedures are required in order to prevent the consequences of growing civilized situation to the environment. Magnetism has been used as physical treatment for particles or contaminants removal from wastewater. In this experiment, comparison between locations of steel wool has been carried out in order to determine the highest suspended solid removal. Variables has been set such as magnetic strength was 1.4Tesla, flow rate was 1mL/s, 80 gram of steel wool and experiment took 24 hours of circulation time and data recorded for 24 hours. Data were recorded involving control, non-inverted magnet and inverted magnet structure. Non-inverted magnets consists of magnets on same poles while inverted magnet on different poles. As a result, steel wool located inside of pipe was exhibited the highest removal (88.2%) compared to outside of the pipe (83.3%) and both occurred in inverted magnet structure. Therefore, it was indicated that longer exposure time to magnet resulted in greater improvement in removing pollutant. The results obtained and suggests that steel wool located inside of tube with inverted magnet position can be successfully treat wastewater effectively

The use of human hair in green technology to reduce human-wild hog conflict from the agricultural perspective

Human scalp hair (HSH) waste has often dumped without undergoing any proper treatment or even being reused. Past studies related to this waste in Malaysia is still not as wide as in others countries. However, in some rural areas, this waste is still used by farmers as pest controller to protect plantation from wild hog attacks. Unfortunately, the past practices does not expose their effectiveness as repellent. This study briefly discuss on the human-wild hog conflict, current practices used to control the invasive activity and to share the result of using HSH as repellent to help farmer of small orchid in Muar, Johor. In this pilot study, HSH were washed using the non-ionic detergent-acetone method as prior treatment to remove all impurities that might stick on them. In order to increase the probability of visitation, fermented corn bait has been used to lure the wild hog into the target area. Four (4) samples (A) 5kg whole corn; (B) 5kg whole corn mixed with 20g HSH; (C) 5kg whole corn mixed with 40g HSH; and (D) 5kg whole corn mixed with 60g HSH have been set on the private orchid and observed. The 5-day test indicates the potential of HSH as temporary wild hog repellent

The use of human hair in green technology to reduce human-wild hog conflict from the agricultural perspective

Human scalp hair (HSH) waste has often dumped without undergoing any proper treatment or even being reused. Past studies related to this waste in Malaysia is still not as wide as in others countries. However, in some rural areas, this waste is still used by farmers as pest controller to protect plantation from wild hog attacks. Unfortunately, the past practices does not expose their effectiveness as repellent. This study briefly discuss on the human-wild hog conflict, current practices used to control the invasive activity and to share the result of using HSH as repellent to help farmer of small orchid in Muar, Johor. In this pilot study, HSH were washed using the non-ionic detergent-acetone method as prior treatment to remove all impurities that might stick on them. In order to increase the probability of visitation, fermented corn bait has been used to lure the wild hog into the target area. Four (4) samples (A) 5kg whole corn; (B) 5kg whole corn mixed with 20g HSH; (C) 5kg whole corn mixed with 40g HSH; and (D) 5kg whole corn mixed with 60g HSH have been set on the private orchid and observed. The 5-day test indicates the potential of HSH as temporary wild hog repellent