Penggunaan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Heads Together (Nht) untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Biologi Kelas Vii-1 SMPN 25 Pekanbaru

This research focuses on an effort to look improvement of activities and a biology subject result as an effect of implemention of Numbered Head Together (NHT) in learning. This research was done at SMP N 25 Pekanbaru on biology subject, with subject was 40 students of class VII-1, 19 females and 21 males. After this research has been done, the average students\u27 activities increased on activity of listening teacher\u27s explanation from 90% in the first cycle into 94 % in the second cycle. Then it was a proof that learning biology process with using Cooperatif Learning Model Type Number Heads Together can increase students\u27 participantion in learning process on classroom discussion. Meanwhile, students\u27 result on Biology learning, Animal Classification, in class VII-1 on SMPN 25 Pekanbaru using Cooperative Learning Model Type Numbered Heads Together increased from first to second cycle. In can be seen from thoroughness percentage of students who achieved above school standar, KKM, namely 27 person (68%) on the first cycle and 34 person (85%) on the second cycle, or it increased 17%

Antenatal and Neonatal Visits Increase Complete Immunization Status Among Children Aged 12-23 Months in Rural Area of Indonesia

Background: The children who had complete basic immunization status in rural areas in Indonesia was lower than in urban areas. This study assessed the association of antenatal and neonatal visits with complete immunization status among children aged 12-23 months in rural area of Indonesia.Methods: The assessment used a part data of the 2013 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas). The sub- samples consisted of children aged 12-23 months livedin rural area. Out of the 8747 children aged 12-23 months who lived in rural area, 5452 children had complete data for the analysis. Complete basic immunization status based on record on immunization card and mother's recall. Cox regression analysis with constant time was used for the analysis.Results: Out of 5452 children, 52.8% (2880/5452) had completed the basic immunization. Dominant factors related to basic complete immunization status were antenatal and neonatal visit, wealth index, mother's education, and mother's occupation. Compared with those who did not antenatal visit, those who had antenatal visit had 38% to be more complete basic immunization [adjusted relative risk (RRa) = 1.38; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.27 - 1.50; P = 0.000]. In term of neonatal visit, those who had neonatal visit had 37% to be more complete basic immunization compare to those who did not have neonatal visit (RRa = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.29 - 1.46; P = 0.000).Conclusion: In Indonesia rural areas the children who had antenatal and neonatal visits tend to have more complete basic immunization status. (Health Science Indones 2014;2:73-7

Signs or Symptoms of Complications in Pregnancy and Risk of Caesarean Section: an Indonesia National Study

Background: In the last years, the frequency of cesarean section (c-section) has risen. This study was aimed to identify several signs or symptoms of complications during pregnancy increased the risk of c-section (c-section).Methods: Data were derived from the Basic Health Survey (Riskesdas) 2010. The sub-sample was married or divorced women aged 10-49 years between January 1, 2005 and August 2010 in Indonesia based on multistage stratified sampling methods. Analysis used Cox regression with constant time.Results: The c-section rate was 10.8% among 20,501 women. Urban and rural ratio of c-section rate was 2.9. Women who reported than who did not report any signs or symptoms of complications during their pregnancies had a higher risk of c-section. Women who reported high fever had 2.3-fold for c-section [adjusted relative risk (RRa) = 2.33; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.69-3.34]. Moreover, those who reported compared to those who did reported bleeding had 2.1-fold increase risk of c-section (RRa = 2.12; 95% CI = 1.75-2.58). The lowest risk (96%) was among those who ever had convulsion/fainted (RRa = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.41-2.73).Conclusion: Women who reported any signs or symptoms of complications during their pregnancies had an increased risk of c-section. (Health Science Indones 2012;2:71-6)

Determinan Kehamilan Tidak Diinginkan Di Indonesia (Analisis Data Sekunder Riskesdas 2013)

Latar belakang: Pencegahan kehamilan yang tidak diinginkan sangat penting untuk mengurangi kejadian aborsi dan dampak merugikan lainnya seperti kelahiran prematur, BBLR serta kesakitan dan kematian ibu dan anak. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui determinan kehamilan tidak diinginkan di Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan analisis data sekunder Riskesdas Tahun 2013 dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah perempuan yang memiliki riwayat kehamilan dalam tiga tahun terakhir sebelum survei, sejumlah 53668 responden. Data dianalisis secara multivariat dengan regresi logistik metode backward. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pendidikan, tempat tinggal, status hidup bersama, paritas, komplikasi kehamilan, penggunaan kontrasepsi dan riwayat penyakit berhubungan dengan kehamilan tidak diinginkan di Indonesia. Kesimpulan: Ibu dengan paritas tinggi, sedang atau pernah menggunakan kontrasepsi dan mengalami komplikasi kehamilan cenderung merupakan kehamilan tidak diinginkan. Oleh karena itu, skrining dan konseling pada saat antenatal care terutama bagi ibu-ibu yang memiliki resiko tinggi atau riwayat penyakit diperlukan untuk mencegah gangguan kehamilan dari kehamilan yang tidak diinginkan

Determinan Pemberian Asi Eksklusif: Analisis Data Sekunder Survei Demografi Dan Kesehatan Indonesia 2012

Latar belakang: Ibu diharapkan memberikan ASI eksklusif selama enam bulan, namun cakupan pemberian ASI eksklusif di Indonesia pada tahun 2012 hanya sebesar 42 persen, masih cukup rendah bila dibandingkan target pemerintah sebesar 80 persen pada tahun 2014. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui determinan pemberian ASI eksklusif di Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan data Sosial Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) tahun 2012 dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah anak usia dibawah enam bulan, sejumlah 1.491 anak dari anak lahir hidup dan tidak kembar. Analisis menggunakan metode multivariat regresi logistik metode backward. Hasil: Usia anak, kunjungan ANC, pemberian makanan prelakteal, dan penggunaan dot/kempeng merupakan determinan pemberian ASI eksklusif. Ibu yang melakukan kunjungan ANC memiliki kemungkinan 1,75 kali lebih besar untuk memberikan ASI ekslusif. Selain itu, anak yang dalam tiga hari pertama tidak pernah diberikan makanan prelakteal memiliki kemungkinan 2,33 kali lebih besar untuk memberikan ASI ekslusif dibandingkan anak yang diberikan makanan prelakteal. Sedangkan anak yang tidak menggunakan botol dengan dot/kempeng memiliki kemungkinan 15,03 kali lebih besar untuk ASI ekslusif

Early Initiation of Breast Feeding But Not Bottle Feeding Increase Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice Among Less Than Six Months Infant in Indonesia

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is a intervention to reduce neonatal and infant mortality. However,the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia remains low. The aim of the study was identify the association of early initiation and bottle-feeding with exclusive breastfeeding practice among infant less than six month in Indonesia. Methods: This study was a part of Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) 2013 data. The sub-sample study was infants under six months. Out of 7226 infant aged less than 6 months, 6397 infant had complete data for the analysis. The Cox regression was used for analysis. Results: Out of 6397 infant, 44% had exclusively breastfeed. Early initiation, bottle-feeding, postnatal care, residence and socio-economic status were associated to exclusive breastfeeding practices. Infant who had early initiation had 66% more exclusively breastfeed compared to delayed initiation [adjusted relative risk (RRa) = 1.66; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.45 – 1.90]. Infant who had bottle-feeding or using pacifiers had 71% less to be exclusively breastfed compared to infant who did not have use bottle-feeding/ pacifiers (RRa = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.25 – 0.34). Conclusion: Early initiation within one hour of birth increased exclusive breastfeeding practice, however, bottle-feeding decreased exclusive breastfeeding practice. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2016;7:44-8