A descriptive cross-sectional survey among the International Islamic University Malaysia’s student on e-waste generation and public health problem in Malaysia

Objective: The main aim of the survey was to assess the respondent’s opinion on the factors influencing the generation of e-waste and its impact on public health in Malaysia. Methods: The research project involved a cross-sectional survey of International Islamic University’s students conducted in 2017 at Kuantan campus in the Pahang state, Malaysia. Along with info on demographic individualities, data were collected on several factors (agreement with questionnaire items regarding) using a 4-point Likert scale, with 4 representing “agree”, “strongly agree”, “disagree” and “strongly disagree,” respectively. Results: A total of 296 students completed the questionnaire. The age group of 18-22 covers 46.96% of all respondents and 61.82% was females. In ethnicity of respondents, 86.82% Malay and 30.07% were from rural area and rest of them were urban area. The volume of e-waste is raised due to the excess supplies of electrical appliances (71%), update their devices (65%.), additional electrical devices (59%), keeping the unused electrical appliances (71%), wholesalers selling bad quality appliances (45%), mechanic should not add and drop of their devices (71%). Regrettably 83% of the respondents doesn’t have appropriate knowledge of e-waste. 51% students agreed and 38% strongly agreed that there is no noticeable campaign on e-waste for public awareness. According to the 93% students’ opinion, individuals, the suppliers, industries and even the institutions are not aware to reduce e-waste. But a little 20% think that government does provide facilities for electrical device disposal. In public health perspective, e-waste contains a lot of hazardous chemical (strongly agreed 77% and rest 23% agreed). Fortunately, the serious health hazards led by e-waste (86% strongly agreed and 14% agreed). E-waste leads to infertile land, cancer, lung diseases and so others strongly agreed 70% and agreed 22% respectively. Conclusion: Findings suggest to organize the awareness programme in institutional, organization and educational institutional level to reduce generation of e-waste and its risk

A Cross-sectional survey on the knowledge and attitudes towards e-waste and its impact on public health among IIUM students-Kuantan campus

E-waste is a subset of solid waste and is defined as any solid waste which is generated by individual, educational institution, general institution, industry, housing area or as a household and so many other sources. This survey has led to an enhanced national or local and international awareness of the potential detrimental effects on the environment and public health. Objective: The main objective of this survey is to develop of public awareness about dangerous effect of e-waste on public health and environment. Methods: From the calculated sample size (341), a total of 296 surveys were included in the final analysis. This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey involving with individual users based on a structured questionnaire format with answer sets. Data were analysed using SPSS version 21.0 and excel. Results: The most significant number of respondents came to know about e-waste through internet and friend 36% and 22% while government awareness program and newspapers cover only 16% and 8% of them respectively. Almost all (99.66%) respondents do not know how to dispose e-waste. 86.49 percent of the total respondents agree that as an emerging industrial country Malaysia is at high risk for generating electrical waste where 82.77% are concerned of its related health problem caused. More than 95% of the respondents thinks that individual effort would the effective to reduce e-waste volume by practicing 3R. However, 93.24% of the respondents never got a chance to attend such awareness program because they never knew that there is e-waste awareness programme being conducted by university or community. Conclusion: Based on this survey report, all the respondents think that awareness programme on e-waste should be conducted by the institution to spread negative impact of e-waste on environment and public health. Key Messages: The aim of this study is to make aware about the E-Waste and its impact on Public Health In Malaysia. People in Malaysia should more concern about e-waste due to its huge generation and not proper disposing or lack of disposal system

Cytotoxicity study of Basella alba leaves extract on brine shrimp lethality bioassay and mtt assay

Introduction: The main objective of the present study is to investigate the cytotoxicity of crude extracts of Basella alba L. leaves. It has been reported to show various bioactivities, but the toxicity and cytotoxicity effects have not been conducted yet. Materials and Methods: The phytochemical screening of the plants extract has been carried qualitatively. The cytotoxic effect was determined through in vitro MTT assay using MCF-7 cell line, and brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Results: Brine shrimp lethality bioassay showed the percentage of survival rate of nauplii which were 72, 88, 88 and 96 % at the concentration of 200, 100, 50 and 25 μL/mL respectively. The mortality of brine shrimp nauplii was from 44% at the concentration of 800 μL/mL, while the negative control (Aluminium chloride) showed 80% mortality at the concentration of 20 μL/mL. However, the IC50 was found with the concentration of 617.31 μL/mL. In MTT assay, more than 90% cell viability showed from the concentration of 31.25 μL/mL to 250 μL/mL, while the vehicle control (DMSO; 1% v/v) was 63.71%. Moreover, the cytotoxicity assay on MCF-7 cell line also concluded that the extract of Basella alba L. leaves is nontoxic even with very high concentration as well. Conclusion: Since it is a popular vegetable which is consumed by the people of Asia every day, therefore, it was very important to study the toxicity of this plant. It has been clearly proven by this study that this vegetable has no toxic effect

A descriptive cross-sectional survey among the International Islamic University Malaysia’s student on e-waste generation and public health problem in Malaysia

The main aim of the survey was to assess the respondent’s opinion on the factors influencing the generation of e-waste and its impact on public health in Malaysia. Methods: The research project involved a cross-sectional survey of International Islamic University’s students conducted in 2017 at Kuantan campus in the Pahang state, Malaysia. Along with info on demographic individualities, data were collected on several factors (agreement with questionnaire items regarding) using a 4-point Likert scale, with 4 representing “agree”, “strongly agree”, “disagree” and “strongly disagree,” respectively. Results: A total of 296 students completed the questionnaire. The age group of 18-22 covers 46.96% of all respondents and 61.82% was females. In ethnicity of respondents, 86.82% Malay and 30.07% were from rural area and rest of them were urban area. The volume of e-waste is raised due to the excess supplies of electrical appliances (71%), update their devices (65%.), additional electrical devices (59%), keeping the unused electrical appliances (71%), wholesalers selling bad quality appliances (45%), mechanic should not add and drop of their devices (71%). Regrettably 83% of the respondents doesn’t have appropriate knowledge of e-waste. 51% students agreed and 38% strongly agreed that there is no noticeable campaign on e-waste for public awareness. According to the 93% students’ opinion, individuals, the suppliers, industries and even the institutions are not aware to reduce e-waste. But a little 20% think that government does provide facilities for electrical device disposal. In public health perspective, e-waste contains a lot of hazardous chemical (strongly agreed 77% and rest 23% agreed). Fortunately, the serious health hazards led by e-waste (86% strongly agreed and 14% agreed). E-waste leads to infertile land, cancer, lung diseases and so others strongly agreed 70% and agreed 22% respectively. Conclusion: Findings suggest to organize the awareness programme in institutional, organization and educational institutional level to reduce generation of e-waste and its risk

Evaluation of skin elasticity after used different seaweed containing products by DermaLab® Combo

Objective: This particular study aims to investigate the effect of different local antiageing products on the barrier function of normal skin, as measured by quality of skin elasticity. Methods: The elasticity probe of DermaLab® Combo Series assesses the effectiveness of three local anti-aging products by measuring the pressure needed for the suction pump to elevate skin. In this study, 15 female volunteers were divided into three groups, which corresponded with three different brands of moisturizers. The volunteers were treated with one test preparation on one volar forearm twice daily for 4 weeks, while leaving the other forearm untreated to serve as the control. After 4 weeks, both volar forearms, treated and control, were assessed for the measurement of skin elasticity by using DermaLab® Combo, and the readings were compared to the baseline. Results: Brand B shows the greatest percent increase in skin elasticity with the value of 96.44%, followed by Brand C (95.16%) and Brand A (39.02%). The result implies that Brand B gives the best anti-aging effect to the consumers regardless of subject compliance. This is relatively acceptable since the difference in percentage increase of skin elasticity between the highest reading and the lowest reading is near to each other except for Subject B1. The result portrayed by Subject B1 reflects his compliance problem during product application phase as mentioned during final skin assessment. In case of Brand C, a large gap is seen between the highest (468.8%) and the lowest (-26.5%) percentage increase in skin elasticity. Conclusions: The application of seaweedcontaining antiaging products leads to improvement in skin elasticity as measured by DermaLab® Combo Series

Clinical efficacy of aloe vera based products available in the market as skin moisturiser measured by tewl value and skin hydration level by using dermalab technology

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Aloe Vera as skin moisturizer as measured by Trans Epidermal Water Loss (TEWL) and hydration value. The Dermalab®Combo was used to determine the efficacy of skin cosmetic products. Fifteen subjects were divided into three groups where each group was tested with one type of moisturizer product available in the local market. The TEWL and Hydration level of the subjects were measured before they were treated with the products as the baseline reading and after 3 weeks applying the products twice daily on the left forearm. The TEWL and Hydration levels were increased after 3 weeks for both side but the percentage increment of TEWL on the test side was lower than control side. Meanwhile, the percentage increment of Hydration level was higher on the test side compare to the control side. From the results, it is clear that Aloe Vera is effective for skin care treatment. In conclusion, it can be used as ingredient to improve skin barrier function for different skin care products formulations

Use of mineral oil as skin moisturizer and evaluated by using Dermalab® Combo

Objective: This particular study aims to investigate the effect of mineral oil in different products on the barrier function of normal skin, as measured by transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and hydration. In this study, 15 female Methods: volunteers were divided into three groups, which corresponded with three different brands of moisturizers. The volunteers were treated with one test preparation on one volar forearm twice daily for 3 weeks, while leaving the other forearm untreated to serve as the control. After 3 weeks, both volar forearms, treated and control, were assessed for the measurement of TEWL and hydration by using DermaLab® Combo, and the readings were compared to the baseline. Results: Changes were observed after 3 weeks treatment of mineral oil-based moisturizers, in which both TEWL and hydration increased for both control and test sides, but the percentage of increment was lower than that observed with test side. TEWL Moisturizers influence the skin barrier function of normal skin, as measured by TEWL and hydration. readings of all subjects for all the three types of products increased significantly from the baseline This . Conclusions: results shows that the side treated with mineral-oil based moisturizers were able to promote greater degree of skin hydration compared to the untreated sid